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Summary: A review and a reappraisal are presented of earlier data on cerebral circulatory and metabolic studies in normal active elderly men (Group I) of mean age 71 years, compared with normal young subjects of mean age 21 years, conducted at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A., during [1956][1957][1958]. There was no significant difference in the mean CBF and cerebral met abolic rate for oxygen (CMR02) values between the two populations; i.e., these important parameters did not fall with chronological aging per se. There was significant depression in the mean cerebral metabolic rate for glu cose (CMRG) value (by -23%) in the aged compared with the young. Newer methods using positron emission to mography and appropriate isotopes have confirmed these findings in normal aging in human subjects and experi mental animals. As expected, MABP and cerebral vas cular resistance (CVR) were significantly elevated in the normal aged. MABP was even more elevated in elderly hypertensive subjects, and the CVR more elevated in the subjects with arteriosclerosis (Group II), who alsoThe World Health Organization designated 1982 as "the year of the aged," in view of the global increase of the elderly population. Whereas the av erage life expectancy in India is now � 54 years, the

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SummaryVitamin B,,, thiocyanate, and folate levels in the blood were estimated in 69 apparently normal subjects, of whom 26 were non-vegetarian non-smokers, 19 nonvegetarian smokers, 15 vegetarian non-smokers, and nine vegetarian smokers. The serum total (cyanideextracted) B1, level (value A) ranged from 105 to 728 pg/ml, with a mean of 292 pg/ml. The highest values were found in non-vegetarian non-smokers and the lowest in vegetarian smokers. There was no significant difference in value A between smokers as a group and non-smokers as a group. On the other hand, in vegetarians value A was very significantly lower than in non-vegetarians regardless of their smoking habits.It is suggested that A may represent both the proteinbound and free forms of vitamin B1, in the blood, and B mainly the free B12, which may be the physiologically active form. The plasma thiocyanate level varied from 1-0 to 15 Imol/100 ml, being, as expected, much higher in smokers (mean 8 20 ILmol/100 ml) than in non-smokers (mean 2-02 ,umol/100 ml). There was a rough correlation between falling B12 levels and rising thiocyanate levels. The serum folate level ranged from 2-75 to 15 75 ng/ml, and was slightly but significantly higher in vegetarians (mean 6 60 ng/ml) than in non-vegetarians (mean 4 79 ng/mi), reflecting the greater content of folate in a vegetarian diet.