BACKGROUND<br />Hypertension is the main cause of morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases. Many herbs/spices appear to have significant effects in favorably modulating high blood pressure. A jamu formulation containing 6 plant extracts, Formula Jamu Antihipertensi (FJA), has been described previously. This research study aimed to evaluate the effect of FJA as antihypertensive agent in mild to moderate hypertensive patients. <br /><br />METHODS<br />This double-blind experimental study was conducted in 40 hypertensive patients, who were randomized into two groups. The first group was treated with oral administration of 2 g FJA and the second group 25 mg captopril daily for 4 weeks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as liver and kidney function were followed up every week. Independent- t test and two-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data with a level of significance of 0.05.<br /><br />RESULTS<br />The results showed that after the treatment, FJA and captopril were capable of significantly decreasing systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p <0.05). The decrease in systolic blood pressure between the two groups was identical (p>0.05), while the decrease in diastolic blood pressure was greater in the FJA group than in the captopril group (p <0.05). <br /><br />CONCLUSION<br />From this study it may be concluded that administration of FJA for 4 weeks is equally effective as captopril in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with mild and moderate hypertension. Thus, natural plants and herbs can be our source of drugs, with fewer side effects and better bioavailability for treatment of hypertension in the future.
BACKGROUND: Timely diagnosis and effective use of available resources are urgent to avoid the loss of time, medical, and technological resources, particularly in COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to identify the most dominant predicting factor for mortality in moderate-severe COVID-19 patients.METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included a total of 253 patients diagnosed with moderate-severe COVID-19. The primary outcome measure was mortality during hospitalization. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine cut-off points. The data were categorized according to the cut-off points in ROC curve and analyzed using Chi-square and by binary logistic regression test to identify the independent predictors associated with mortality.RESULTS: The mean number of leukocytes (/μL), neutrophils (%), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/L), and D-dimer (mg/L) in the nonsurvived group was significantly higher than those of the survived group. Meanwhile, the mean number of platelet count/μL, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), in the non-survived group was significantly lower than those of the survived group. CRP level predicted mortality with a cut-off point of ≥8.41 mg/L, sensitivity of 98.1%, and specificity of 72.0% (P = .000).CONCLUSIONS: High leukocyte count, low platelet count, high NLR, high CRP level, and high D-dimer on admission predicted mortality of COVID-19 patients. In addition, CRP was found to be the most dominant predicting factor of mortality in moderate-severe COVID-19 patients.
Objective: Macrocytic anemia (MA) is the most common type of anemia in adult HIV-infected patient on azidothymidine (AZT) regimen. The common causes of MA are vitamin B12 and folate deficiency, marked by homocysteinemia. AZT consumption causes homocysteinemia is still controversial. This study aimed to determine the role of AZT consumption and homocysteinemia in developing MA. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study involving adult HIV-infected patient who administered AZT in 12 health care facilities in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Sociodemographic data were obtained through interviews and medical records, while laboratory data included hemoglobin level and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were measured using the automatic hematology analyzer. Homocysteine level was measured using immunoassay. WHO references was used to diagnose anemia. Macrocytic was determined when MCV >96 fl. The cut-off homocysteinemia was >10 μmol/L. Length of AZT consumption was classified into ≤6 months and >6 months. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression test. Results: The population of this study was 503 adult HIVinfected on AZT regimen. In total, there were 116 subjects (age mean±SD: 41,9±9,4) who had MA and 116 controls (age mean±SD: 36,2±8,3) without anemia. Prevalence of anemia was 29.4% and the majority (78.4%) had MA. The odds of having MA among adult HIV infected patient on AZT regimen > 6 months was 0.25 times compared to patients who were on AZT regimen ≤6 months (95% CI 0.08-0.72, p=0.011), homocysteinemia was protective factor of MA (OR 0.43,95% CI 0.24-0.79, p=0.006). Conclusion: The length of AZT consumption >6 months and homocysteinemia are protective factors of MA among adult HIV-infected patient. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(4) 2020 p.638-645
Juice of dates (Phoenix dactylifera) is widely used to reduce the risk of spontaneous bleeding by shorting the bleeding time, for example on hemorrhargic fever and the consequence of consuming drugs (e.g. aspirin, anti coagulant, anti cancer, diuretic, etc). This study aimed to investigate the effect of dates juice on the bleeding time of male Wistar strain rats that induced by aspirin. This study was experimental research with post test only control group design. In this study, 10 male Wistar strain rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. The first group (positive control) were only treated by aspirin and the second group (treatment group) were treated by aspirin and palm dates juice. Mean of the bleeding time in first group was 42,6 + 11,5 seconds and in second group was 28,0 + 3,0 seconds. Distribution of data was normal but not homogenous, so that data was analyzed by non parametric statistic test Mann-Whitney. The result showed that there was significant difference between the first and the second group. This study concluded that juice of dates affects the bleeding time of male Wistar strain rats that induced by aspirin.
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