Hybrid photoanodes for water oxidation, using an n-semiconductor photosensitized by a molecular dye associated with an inorganic catalyst, are overviewed.

Electrochemically prepared nickel oxide nanoparticles entrapped into a polymer matrix as efficient material for O2 evolution.

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The water-insoluble polymers poly(2-acrylamidoglycolic acid-co-2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid) [P(AAGA-co-APSA)] and poly(2-acrylamidoglycolic acid-co-4-styrene sodium sulfonate) [P(AAGA-co-ESS)] were prepared by radical polymerization with 87.8 and 86.3 % of yield, respectively. Parameters including the water sorption capacity, effect of the pH and reaction time, maximum retention capacity of the metal ions, elution, regeneration, and selectivity were studied. The commercial resin Amberlite IRP-64 was used for comparison purposes. Laboratory tests showed that both resins had better capacities to remove Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), and Hg(II) from an aqueous solution by batch method. P(AAGA-co-APSA) and P(AAGA-co-ESS) resins removed the metal ions faster than that commercial Amberlite IRP-64 resin.

It was successful synthesized the ion exchange resin poly([(2-methacryloyloxy) ethyl]) trimethylammonium chloride) PClMETA by radical polymerization to study the removal properties towards vanadium (V) and molybdenum (VI) and compared with the commercial resin AmberliteIRA-402 which contains the same functional group. The resin was characterized by FT-IR and SEM. Parameters including water adsorption capacity, effect of the pH, maximum retention capacity of the metal ions, elution, regeneration, adsorption time, and adsorption isotherms were studied. All the studies were carried out in Batch and Column equilibrium procedures. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy, entropy, and free energy were calculated. The PClMETA resin showed higher capacity to remove V(V) and Mo(VI) from water solution than Amberlite IRA-402 commercial resin. The higher capacity displayed by PClMETA resin was attributed to the higher degree of swelling and different structure that Amberlite IRA-402 resin.

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Developing electrolyzers operating under neutral or near-neutral conditions with catalysts based only on earth-abundant metals is highly desirable with a view to reduce the cost of hydrogen production from water...