Azulene-based materials present very appealing properties for the preparation of advanced materials. They can be irreversibly electrooxidated, leading to polymers, which can be deposited on electrodes and modified. This paper shows several experiments concerning the preparation of modified electrodes based on (E)-5-(azulen-1-yldiazenyl)-1H-tetrazole (L). L has a tetrazole complexing unit, which can be attached to the electrode’s surface and recognized. L has been deeply characterized by electrochemical techniques. Complexing modified electrodes have been prepared and tested in different conditions. Functional modified electrodes based on L obtained by controlled potential electrolysis were examined by AFM and SEM to see the influences of charge and potential on the deposited polyz films’ morphologies. The modified electrodes prepared in different conditions have been tested for heavy metal ion sensing. The new azulene-based modified electrode demonstrated its feasibility for Pb ions analysis (detection limit of 5 × 10−8 M, and linear domain between 5 × 10−8 M and 10−6 M) and potential use in future applications for real water samples analysis.
Chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) based on polymeric films of E-5-((5-isopropyl-3,8-dimethylazulen-1-yl) diazenyl)-1H-tetrazole (L) deposited on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode have been used for the recognition of heavy metal (Me) ions. The electrochemical study of L was done by three methods: differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and rotating disk electrode voltammetry (RDE). The CV, DPV, and RDE studies for L were performed at different concentrations in 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate solutions in acetonitrile. The polymeric films were formed by successive cycling or by controlled potential electrolysis (CPE). The film formation was proven by recording the CV curves of the CMEs in ferrocene solution. The CMEs prepared at different charges or potentials were used for detection of heavy metal ions. Synthetic samples of heavy metal ions (Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Hg(II)) of concentrations between 10−8 and 10−4 M were analyzed. The most intense signal was obtained for Pb(II) ion (detection limit of about 10−8 M). Pb(II) ion can be detected by these CMEs in waters at such concentrations. The ability of the ligand L to form complexes with Pb(II) and Hg(II) ions was also tested by UV-Vis spectrometry. The obtained results showed the formation of Me(II)L2 complexes.
The electrochemical characterization of 2,6-bis((E)-2-(furan-2-yl)vinyl)-4-(5-isopropyl-3,8-dimethylazulen-1-yl) pyridine has been performed by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and rotating disk electrode. Modified electrodes were obtained by cycling the potential in the anodic scans or by controlled potential electrolysis (CPE) at different potentials and charges. The modified electrodes have been tested for mercury, cadmium, copper and lead ions detection.
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