Early screening of clinically relevant pathogens in the environment is a highly desirable goal in clinical care, providing precious information that will improve patient-care outcomes. In this work, a glove-based electrochemical sensor has been designed for point-of-use screening of Pseudomonas aeruginosa's virulence factors. The methodology used for the elaboration of the fabric platform relied on printing the conductive inks on the index and middle fingers of the glove, with the goal of screening pyocyanin and pyoverdine targets. The analytical signatures of the analytes were recorded in about 4 min, via the rapid and selective square-wave-voltammetry technique. Finger-based sensors display good performance and discrimination between the targets and potential interferences, along with good reproducibility. The sensors featured linearity over the 0.01-0.1 μM range for pyocyanin and 5-50 μM range for pyoverdine, with sensitivities of 2.51 μA/μM for pyocyanin and 1.09 nA/μM for pyoverdine ( R = 0.990 and 0.995, respectively) and detection limits of 3.33 nM for pyocyanin and 1.66 μM for pyoverdine. Moreover, the sensors were tested in binary mixtures of analytes, with successful outcomes. In order to gain information from the surrounding environment, the active electronic areas of the printed fingers were coated with a conductive hydrogel matrix, and relevant target surfaces were "swiped for notification" of contaminants. The simple fabrication, low-cost, and reusability of the proposed glove are likely to underpin the progressive drive of wearable sensors toward decentralized environmental and healthcare applications.
A simple label‐free immunosensor for the selective detection of acetaminophen was developed by modifying a graphite based screen‐printed electrode with graphene oxide after the functionalization with N‐hydroxysuccinimide in the presence of 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride. The template made by layer‐by‐layer technique provides activated carboxylic groups, which form amidic covalent bonds with the terminal amine groups from the antiacetaminophen antibody. The optimization of antibody immobilization and the blocking of the free active groups from graphene template with bovine serum albumin was performed by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. The electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance technique was used to determine the quantity of different components deposited onto the electrode surface during the optimization steps. The above described immunosensor was applied with good results for the determination of acetaminophen in synthetic and real samples by using square wave voltammetry. A limit of detection of 0.17 µM (S/N=3) was obtained with no or minimal interference of dosage forms excipients and serum components.
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