Corn is a very important agricultural product, however, some pests may cause damage to the corn productivity such as Spodoptera frugiperda, which prevents the plant from growing in a regular manner. Since the indiscriminate use of the pesticide may cause an increasing resistance of the insect besides an environmental damage, it is important to estimate the areas and the dominant directions where the insect may propagate. The main aim of this work was to study the spreading of the fall armyworm in a commercial agricultural area in the South of Brazil. For this, we considered a set including the location of each corn plant attacked by the insect. In particular, we assumed that the spatial locations given by the geographic coordinates constitute a spatial point pattern following a stationary Poisson point process. In order to detect the presence of possible dominant directions in the distribution of the fall armyworm infestation we studied the anisotropic features of the data by using some second-order spatial point-pattern analysis techniques such as the K directional test, the wavelet-based test, and the quadrat counting test. All the results showed that spatial distribution of fall armyworm may follow a clustered Poisson point process with the presence of an evident anisotropy mainly due to the shape and the distance between corn plants of the experimental area. These preliminary results could be used for reducing and optimizing the use of pesticides with a consequent decrease of the environmental impact.

Crambe is a new crop that produces oil used for biodiesel production. Soil compaction in a no-tillage (NT) system is one of the main challenges for sustainable grain production in soil clay. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of compaction degree on crambe grain yield over two years. The levels of artificial compaction were generated using a roller compactor (0, 1, 3, and 5 passes) under a NT system. The experimental design was a strip block, and soil density and crambe grain yield were evaluated. The passes of the roller increased the density from 0.98 to 1.24 Mg m−3 in the 0–0.1 m layer, and 1.03 to 1.15 Mg m−3 in the 0.1–0.2 m layer. As a result, the compaction degree increased from 53% to 66% in the 0–0.1 m layer and 54% to 61% in the 0.1–0.2 m layer. Five passes of the roller compactor reduced the crambe grain yield by 41% and 9% in the first and second years, respectively, compared to the NT system without additional compaction. The crambe grain yield was reduced when the compaction degree reached 53%; therefore, crambe is not suitable for compacted soils.

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The objective of work was to quantify soil and water loss rates as a function of slope variation, correlating these rates with soybean yield. In addition to developing multiple linear regression models that associate water and soil loss rates in function of their physical attributes. The experiment was conducted in an Oxisols under a no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out in Cascavel, PR, Brazil. Four slopes (3.5%; 8.2%; 11.4% and 13.5%) were considered as treatments. The water and soil loss rates were monitored in the rainfall occurring during the crop development cycle. The water drained in each plot was collected in gutters made of polyvinyl chloride and stored in containers for the quantification of soil and water losses. The stepwise backward method was used to identify the variables that had a significant influence on water and soil losses. The unevenness of the terrain did not influence the soil and water loss rates. The maximum soil and water losses during the soybean cycle were, respectively, 0.01962 Mg ha-1 and 4.07 m3 ha-1. The maximum soil and water losses occurred when the precipitation volume was up to 82 mm. Soil and water losses showed a higher correlation with macroporosity and bulk density. Soybean grain yield showed a higher linear correlation with water, and soil loss and was higher at the slopes of 8.2% and 13.4%. The low water and soil losses demonstrate the soil capacity, managed under a no-tillage system, to minimize environmental impacts.

Este trabalho de conclusão de curso versa sobre a probabilidade em situações corriqueiras do dia a dia. Foram realizadas pesquisas de natureza bibliográfica com abordagem qualitativa objetivando apresentar a origem, a grande importância e funcionalidade da teoria de probabilidade presente em situações cotidianas, como por exemplo, no jogo da dança das cadeiras, na senha padrão utilizada para bloqueio de tela inicial de celulares e em apostas de loteria, como a Mega-Sena. Tambémé apresentado um breve relato histórico da origem da teoria de probabilidade e seus principais estudiosos. Para as situações escolhidas, foram realizados cálculos probabilísticos e, a partir dos resultados obtidos, se torna evidente que a teoria das probabilidades, que ganhou grande importância ao longo do tempo por possuir muitas aplicações nas mais diversasáreas científicas, pode ser verificada através de simples situações cotidianas.Palavras-chave: Teoria das probabilidades. História da probabilidade. Aplicações de probabilidade.

Os altos índices de reprovação e desistência em disciplinas de exatas no ensino superior tem sido o principal assunto discutido no Fórum das Disciplinas do Núcleo Básico dos Bacharelados (ForBas) da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR). Um ponto em comum, levantado pelos professores dos diversos Campi da UTFPR, está relacionado à defasagem na aprendizagem de conteúdos básicos da Matemática. Portanto, se torna imprescindível buscar alternativas pedagógicas para atenuar este problema. O projeto oficinas de matemática elementar propõe ofertar conteúdos básicos ou pertinentes ao ensino superior para alunos ingressantes pela estratégia de ensino híbrido por meio de oficinas presenciais e o uso de Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem. As oficinas presenciais são planejadas e desenvolvidas voluntariamente pelos discentes veteranos do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática e Engenharias, com supervisão dos professores proponentes do projeto. Desta maneira, busca-se propiciar aos acadêmicos da Licenciatura desenvolvimento da prática