The prevalence of Salmonella spp. found in this study was relatively low. However, there were a high proportion of multidrug-resistant strains, including third-generation cephalosporins used to treat invasive salmonellosis. The results confirm the relevance of the PREBAF program. It is recommended that PREBAF be improved, including a timely data analysis. A review of permitted limits for Salmonella spp. in retail chicken in Brazil is also needed.
A ocorrência de óbitos por intoxicação com medicamentos tem sido considerada um dos agravos de saúde pública. O estudo descreve o perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade por intoxicação com medicamentos na população do Brasil entre 1996 e 2005. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde. Selecionaram-se os óbitos segundo a Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10). Foram identificados 4.403 óbitos ocorridos em homens (53,9%), solteiros (53,7%) e faixa etária de 20-39 anos (44,0%). A maioria dos óbitos foi por autointoxicação intencional por anticonvulsivantes, sedativos, antiparkinsonianos e psicotrópicos. A taxa padronizada de mortalidade foi maior na região Centro-Oeste e os Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos aumentou durante o período estudado em 15,50%. O estudo apresentou as características e variações na mortalidade por intoxicação com medicamentos no Brasil que pode ser um reflexo do padrão de consumo dos medicamentos no país atrelado à necessidade de aprimoramento das políticas de vigilância sanitária.
notifications resulting in death occurred mainly in hospitals; were identified failure to register and need to investigate the large proportion of deaths.
Acute Chagas disease (ACD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. ACD outbreaks due to probable oral transmission occur regularly in small family gatherings that are exposed to contaminated foods. We studied two cohorts of residents on islands in the Breves and Bagre municipalities, in July and August 2007, to identify risk factors of transmission and to recommend preventative measures. Of the 25 cases identified in both cohorts, 13 (52%) were men, and the most frequent symptoms were fever (96%),asthenia (80%), myalgia (76%), abdominal pain (64%), retro-orbital pain, headaches and asthma (52%). We recommend detailed investigation of future outbreaks and other studies to better understand and control oral transmission of T. cruzi.
BackgroundMalaria can be transmitted by blood transfusion through donations collected from asymptomatic or parasitic donors. The parasites are released into the bloodstream during its life cycle and will therefore be present in donated blood by infected individuals. All cases of transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) notified since 2005 in Brazil were fatal. A good screening tool for Plasmodium spp. detection in blood units must have a high detection threshold, and the prevention of TTM relies entirely on the exclusion of potentially infected donors. However, in Brazilian blood banks, the screening test relies on blood thick smears examination.MethodsThe molecular diagnostic based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) using real time PCR (mt-qPCR) was improved to detect Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and standardized for use in Plasmodium malariae. The analytic sensitivity of this mt-qPCR methodology was performed using a sample of P. vivax.ResultsThe mt-qPCR was highly efficient, and the analytic sensitivity for P. vivax was determined (0.000006 parasites/µL). This method was tested to detect P. vivax and P. falciparum in individuals from two malaria-endemic areas in Brazil, Amazon region (Pará and Rondônia states), the samples were collected in 10 reference units of two blood banks (Pará/nine cities and Rondônia/Porto Velho), and parasites mtDNA were detected in 10 of 2224 potential blood donors (0.45%). In all 10 positive samples, only P. vivax was detected.ConclusionMolecular diagnostic using mt-qPCR was effective in revealing infected potential donors with good perspectives to be applied as screening routine of asymptomatic carriers for preventing transfusion-transmitted malaria in blood banks.
ObjectiveTo evaluate blood banks in the Brazilian Amazon region with regard to structure and procedures directed toward the prevention of transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM).MethodsThis was a normative evaluation based on the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) Resolution RDC No. 153/2004. Ten blood banks were included in the study and classified as ‘adequate’ (≥80 points), ‘partially adequate’ (from 50 to 80 points), or ‘inadequate’ (<50 points). The following components were evaluated: ‘donor education’ (5 points), ‘clinical screening’ (40 points), ‘laboratory screening’ (40 points) and ‘hemovigilance’ (15 points).ResultsThe overall median score was 49.8 (minimum = 16; maximum = 78). Five blood banks were classified as ‘inadequate’ and five as ‘partially adequate’. The median clinical screening score was 26 (minimum = 16; maximum = 32). The median laboratory screening score was 20 (minimum = 0; maximum = 32). Eight blood banks performed laboratory tests for malaria; six tested all donations. Seven used thick smears, but only one performed this procedure in accordance with Ministry of Health requirements. One service had a Program of External Quality Evaluation for malaria testing. With regard to hemovigilance, two institutions reported having procedures to detect cases of transfusion-transmitted malaria.ConclusionMalaria is neglected as a blood–borne disease in the blood banks of the Brazilian Amazon region. None of the institutions were classified as ‘adequate’ in the overall classification or with regard to clinical screening and laboratory screening. Blood bank professionals, the Ministry of Health and Health Surveillance service managers need to pay more attention to this matter so that the safety procedures required by law are complied with.
O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as características relacionadas à qualidade em serviços que atendem à saúde da mulher na perspectiva de profissionais de vigilância sanitária (Visa) e de coordenadores de saúde da mulher (CSM) de municípios. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, efetuado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foram selecionadas três capitais brasileiras e entrevistados três sujeitos de cada capital - um responsável e um técnico da área de Visa em serviços de saúde e um CSM. A análise das entrevistas foi realizada pela técnica de análise de conteúdo, organizando as respostas em categorias temáticas baseadas no modelo de avaliação dos serviços de saúde de Donabedian: estrutura, processos e resultados. Os técnicos de Visa relataram com maior frequência aspectos relacionados à estrutura dos serviços de saúde, como equipamentos e recursos humanos qualificados. Os responsáveis pela Visa citaram aspectos relacionados à estrutura e aos processos como priorização no atendimento. Os CSM abordaram as três categorias, com destaque para os processos. As entrevistas apontam para um possível prejuízo na avaliação por resultados. O estudo reforça a necessidade de atuação conjunta entre os setores de vigilância e assistência, a fim de promover a qualidade nos serviços.
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