Vascular anastomoses are common procedures and are performed by most surgeons. Training is primarily conducted in human beings, which violates current ethical principles. This is because current training models are expensive and in short supply. This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of three vegetable models of vascular anastomosis. Five units each of scallions, green beans, and yardlong beans were used. An end-to-end anastomosis was attempted with each specimen. Anastomoses were only successful in green beans and yardlong beans. Since they are narrower, the yardlong beans are the most similar to human vessels.Keywords: surgery; medical education; training; training by simulation. ResumoAnastomoses vasculares são procedimentos comuns realizados por grande parte dos cirurgiões e cujo treinamento ocorre principalmente em seres humanos, contrariando os princípios éticos vigentes. Esse fato se deve, sobretudo, à carência e ao alto custo relacionados aos atuais modelos de treinamento. Assim, este estudo visa avaliar a viabilidade de três vegetais para a realização de anastomoses vasculares. Foram utilizadas cinco unidades de cebolinha, vagem e feijão-verde. Em cada uma tentou-se realizar uma anastomose término-terminal. Conseguiu-se a realização da anastomose apenas na vagem e no

Background. Smartphone cameras are continuously improving. The present study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using smartphones' magnification system to perform microanastomosis in rats. Methods. Fifteen rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, according to the magnification system used: Microscope, iPhone 7 smartphone, and Galaxy S7 smartphone. In the microscope group, a DFVasconcelos microsurgery microscope was used. In both smartphone groups, the magnifications systems were connected to a 55-inch television through the mirror function. Animals in both groups underwent femoral artery anastomosis in the right forepaw and femoral nerve neurorrhaphy in the left hindleg. The body weight, arterial and nerve caliber, and anastomosis time and patency were immediately analyzed. Results. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding body weight, arterial, or nerve caliber. The smartphones did not provide a sufficient quality of image for an adequate identification of the arterial walls. Therefore, neither arterial anastomosis nor neurorrhaphy could be completed, even after 3 hours of surgery. The first steps toward anastomosis or raffia were performed with difficulty. Conclusion. The current video resolution and lack of stereoscopic image of available smartphones is not sufficient to perform video-assisted anastomosis of femoral arteries or nerves.

It is possible to perform a peripheral neurorrhaphy in rats through video system magnification, but with a longer surgical time.

Purpose:To develop a new low-cost, easy-to-make and available training model using chickens’ intestine for infant intestinal anastomosis.Methods:Segments of chicken intestine were used to create an intestinal anastomosis simulator. We tried to perform an end-to-end, end-to-side and side-to-side anastomosis. Handsewn sutured anastomosis were performed in single layered with interrupted prolene 5-0 suture. The parameters analyzed were cost, intestine's diameter and length, anastomosis patency and flow-through and leakage amount.Results:In all cases it was possible to make the anastomosis in double layered without difficulties, different from the usual ones. There was a positive patency at all anastomoses after the end of the procedure, with no need for reinterventions.Conclusion:The new training model using chickens’ intestine for infant intestinal anastomosis is low-cost, easy-to-make and easy available.

Purpose: To evaluate if combination of perconditioning and postconditioning provides improved renal protection compared to perconditioning alone in a model of renal reperfusion injury. Methods: Thirty rats were assigned into 6 groups: normality; sham; ischemia and reperfusion; postconditioning; perconditioning; perconditioning + postconditioning. Animals were subjected to right nephrectomy and left renal ischemia for 30 minutes. Postconditioning consisted of 3 cycles of 5 min renal perfusion followed by 5 min of renal ischemia after major ischemic period. Perconditioning consisted of 3 cycles of 5 min hindlimb ischemia followed by 5 min of hindlimb perfusion contemporaneously to renal major ischemic period. After 24 hours, kidney was harvested and blood collected to measure urea and creatinine. Results: Perconditioning obtained better values for creatinine and urea level than only postconditioning (p<0.01); performing both techniques contemporaneously had no increased results (p>0.05). Regarding tissue structure, perconditioning was the only technique to protect the glomerulus and tubules (p<0.05), while postconditioning protected only the glomerulus (p<0.05). Combination of both techniques shows no effect on glomerulus or tubules (p>0.05). Conclusions: Perconditioning had promising results on ischemia and reperfusion induced kidney injury, enhanced kidney function and protected glomerulus and tubules. There was no additive protection when postconditioning and perconditioning were combined.

Continuous versus interrupted suture technique in microvascular anastomosis in rats 1 1-Experimental SurgeryActa Cir Bras. 2017;32(9):691-696 AbstractPurpose: To compare the continuous and interrupted suture technique on femoral artery on rats after vessel repair and 14 days after. Methods: Twenty rats were operated randomly divided into two group matched according to the suture technique used: interrupted or continuous. We performed a femoral anastomosis on the right femoral artery. We analyzed weight, arterial caliber, anastomosis time and patency after vessel repair and 14 days after. Results: There was no significant difference between groups in the weight (p=0.64), diameter of the femoral artery (p=0.95) and patency (p=1.00). The time spent in the anastomosis was 451 seconds in the continuous group and 718 seconds in the interrupted group, presenting significant difference (p<0.01). Conclusion:The continuous suture technique shows a similar patency rates than interrupted technique, however with a shorter time to perform the anastomosis.

PURPOSE:To verify the publication rate of the abstracts presented at the XII Brazilian Congress of Experimental Surgery. METHODS:We performed a cross-sectional study that evaluated if the abstracts accepted for presentation at the XII Brazilian Congress of Experimental Surgery were published in periodics. The information was acquired using the Scielo, Medline / Pubmed, LILACS and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS:From all the abstracts presented, only 77 (40.52%) were published in scientific journals. Of this total, 14 (18.18%) were CONCLUSION:The publication rate of the abstracts presented at the XII Brazilian Congress of Experimental Surgery was 40,52%, most from the state of Sao Paulo.

Gonçalves Gonçalves Gonçalves Gonçalves GonçalvesEffects of splenic allograft in lipid profile of non-splenectomized rats: the immune and metabolic role of the "double spleen"Original Article Original Article Original Article Original Article Original Article Effects of splenic allograft in lipid profile of non-splenectomized Effects of splenic allograft in lipid profile of non-splenectomized Effects of splenic allograft in lipid profile of non-splenectomized Effects of splenic allograft in lipid profile of non-splenectomized Effects of splenic allograft in lipid profile of non-splenectomized rats: the immune and metabolic role of the "double spleen" rats: the immune and metabolic role of the "double spleen" rats: the immune and metabolic role of the "double spleen" rats: the immune and metabolic role of the "double spleen" rats: the immune and metabolic role of the "double spleen"Efeitos do aloenxerto esplênico no lipidograma de ratos não esplenectomizados: Efeitos do aloenxerto esplênico no lipidograma de ratos não esplenectomizados: Efeitos do aloenxerto esplênico no lipidograma de ratos não esplenectomizados: Efeitos do aloenxerto esplênico no lipidograma de ratos não esplenectomizados: Efeitos do aloenxerto esplênico no lipidograma de ratos não esplenectomizados: papel imunológico e metabólico do "baço duplo" papel imunológico e metabólico do "baço duplo" papel imunológico e metabólico do "baço duplo" papel imunológico e metabólico do "baço duplo" papel imunológico e metabólico do "baço duplo" (1), total splenectomy group (2), splenectomy and implantation of allograft group (3) and double spleen group (4). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups: A and B, based on the death of the animals after 30 or 120 days of monitoring. The procedures in groups 2, 3 and 4 were made simultaneously, and splenectomized animals, groups 2 and 3 were donors, respectively, for the animals of groups 3 and 4. In group 4 the spleen was preserved and the animals received implants from the spleens of rats from group 3. The regeneration of splenic tissue was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic analyzes of the grafts and own spleens, as well as with measurements of VLDL, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Results Results ResultsResults Results: after 120 days, Group 4 showed levels of total cholesterol and LDL lower than the other groups. Group 1 had higher levels of lipids. Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion: The technique of double spleen was effective in the control of lipid metabolism, corroborating the function of the spleen as a reserve of lipids.