Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck represents a type of tumor unique from other plasmacytomas, with distinct epidemiologic characteristics and a superior prognosis. Evidence suggests that surgically based treatments may offer improved outcomes.

Our results suggest that histologic grade is a stronger predictor of survival than TNM classification, survival after surgical resection alone is excellent, and adjuvant radiation may be of limited benefit

Liposarcomas of the head and neck are usually early stage, low grade, and with fewer nodal metastases than conventional liposarcomas. DSS and OS were significantly greater for liposarcomas of the head and neck.

Chondrosarcomas of the head and neck display a lower grade and stage compared with other chondrosarcomas. DSS and OS were significantly greater for chondrosarcomas of the head and neck. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1359-1366, 2016.

SpCC of the head and neck is more likely than SCC to present at an early stage, with fewer nodal metastases. Survival rates appear to depend on anatomic site as well.

Summary Objectives Aldosterone production in the adrenal glomerulosa is mainly regulated by angiotensin II and K+. Adrenal glomerulosa cells are uniquely sensitive to extracellular K+. Genetic deletion of subunits of K+-selective leak-channels (KCNK), TASK1 and/or TASK3, in mice generates animals with hyperaldosteronism and histological changes in the adrenal cortex. Herein, we studied the expression of TASK1 in human adrenocortical cells, as well as its role in aldosterone production in H295R cells. Design TASK1 expression was investigated by comparative microarray analysis of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) and normal adrenals (NA). The effects of TASK1 knockdown by siRNA transfection were investigated in H295R cells. Fluo-4 fluorescent measurements of intracellular Ca2+ and pharmacological inhibition of Ca2+-dependent calmodulin kinases (CaMK) were performed to better define the effects of TASK1 on Ca2+ signaling pathways. Results Microarray analysis of APA and NA showed similar expression of TASK1 between these two groups. However, in APA, NA, and H295R cells the expression of TASK1 was predominant when compared to other KCNK family members. Knockdown of TASK1 (with siRNA) induced the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), and also stimulated pregnenolone and aldosterone production. Cells transfected with siTASK1 had increased intracellular Ca2+, leading to activation of CaMK and increased expression of CYP11B2. Conclusions Our study reveals the predominant expression of TASK1 over other KCNK family genes in the human adrenal cortex. Herein, we also described the role of TASK1 in the regulation of human aldosterone production through regulation of intracellular Ca2+ and CaMK signaling pathways.

2b.

To our knowledge, this is the largest cohort of patients with AciCC reported in the English-language literature. Our results suggest that patients with sinonasal AciCC have excellent disease-specific survival, comparable to matched patients with AciCC in more common salivary gland subsites.