Objective: To assess the dietary intake and overall diet quality of female soccer players before the competitive games. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study included 21 women aged 20.8±4.5 years from a professional soccer team. Their nutritional status and dietary adequacy during the training period, before competition season, were assessed. Dietary intake was assessed by three 24-hour recalls, one food frequency questionnaire, and the Healthy Eating Index, an overall diet quality index based on food group intake. Results: The athletes have shown proper nutritional status, but a diet deficient in energy due largely to low carbohydrate intake. On the other hand, the intakes of protein, fatty acids, and sodium were above the recommended intakes, even for athletes. Diet quality assessment by the Healthy Eating Index - 2010 resulted in a mean score of 54.6 points of a maximum of 100, indicating a need of improving the overall diet quality. Conclusion: The study found that the dietary patterns of female football players were both quantitatively and qualitatively inappropriate. A nutritional intervention is indicated to improve diet quality, with the inclusion of various foods, such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and better protein quality, along with a reduction in saturated fats, sodium, and added sugar.

The relationship between muscle strength and bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) is supposed from the assumption of the mechanical stress influence on bone tissue metabolism. However, the direct relationship is not well established in younger men, since the enhancement of force able to produce effective changes in bone health, still needs to be further studied. This study aimed to analyze the influence of muscle strength on BMC and BMD in undergraduate students. Thirty six men (24.9 ± 8.6 y/o) were evaluated for regional and whole-body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). One repetition maximum tests (1RM) were assessed on flat bench-press (BP), lat-pull down (LPD), leg-curl (LC), knee extension (KE), and leg-press 45° (LP45) exercises. Linear regression modelled the relationships of BMD and BMC to the regional body composition and 1RM values. Measurements of dispersion and error (R2adj and standard error of estimate (SEE)) were tested, setting ρ at ≤0.05. The BMD mean value for whole-body was 1.12±0.09 g/cm2 and BMC attained 2477.9 ± 379.2 g. The regional lean mass (LM) in upper-limbs (UL) (= 6.80±1.21 kg) was related to BMC and BMD for UL (R2adj = 0.74, p<0.01, SEE = 31.0 g and R2adj = 0.63, SEE = 0.08 g/cm2), and LM in lower-limbs (LL) (= 19.13±2.50 kg) related to BMC and BMD for LL (R2adj = 0.68, p<0,01, SEE = 99.3 g and R2adj = 0.50, SEE = 0.20 g/cm2). The 1RM in BP was related to BMD (R2adj = 0.51, SEE = 0.09 g/cm2), which was the strongest relationship among values of 1RM for men; but, 1RM on LPD was related to BMC (R2adj = 0.47, p<0.01, SEE = 44.6 g), and LC was related to both BMC (R2adj = 0.36, p<0.01, SEE = 142.0 g) and BMD (R2adj = 0.29, p<0.01, SEE = 0.23 g/cm2). Hence, 1RM for multi-joint exercises is relevant to BMC and BMD in young men, strengthening the relationship between force and LM, and suggesting both to parametrizes bone mineral health.

The challenge in the search for relationships between urban space, physical mobility, and health status, is detecting indicators able to link the environment with healthy life habits. Therefore, the objective was to design an urban index for the identification of urban environment propensity for physical activity (PA) and to determine how it relates to lifestyle and anthropometric parametrization of obesity. Participants (N = 318-60.4% women and 39.6% men) were recruited from a mid-sized city with epidemiology and morbidity rates below the average for the mid-west region of Brazil. Body mass index (BMI) was measured and a questionnaire was applied to gather information about PA and life habits. The spatial urban health index (SUHI) was designed in a geographic information system using data from demographic, environmental and urban physical features. The relationship between BMI and PA was verified with multiple linear regression, controlled for SUHI levels. Regarding the BMI of the population, 69.5% were classified in the eutrophic or overweight ranges, with no effect of gender and age. The SUHI classified 63.7% of the urban area favorable to PA. The PA routine was adequate (�3 sessions with �1 h each) for~80% of the population, as well as healthy habits such as non smoking (~94%) and non alcohol abuse (~55%). The SUHI strengthens the relationships of BMI to weekly frequency (r =-0.68; t =-9.4; p<0.001) and session duration (r =-0.66; t =-2.8; p<0.001) for the whole group by improving the explanatory coefficient in~25% (R 2 Adj = 0.61 to R 2 Adj = 0.85). The SUHI indicated that the urban environment is able to promote healthy life habits by diminishing the "obesogenic" features of the city when physical structures are planned to facilitate PA, whatever the gender and age group.

No abstract

Introduction There is limited consensus regarding the recommendation of the most effective form of exercise for bone integrity, despite the fact that weight training exercise promotes an increase in muscle mass and strength as recurrent responses. However, strength variations in women do not depend on muscle mass development as they do in men, but strength enhancement has shown the potential to alter bone mineral content (BMC) for both sexes. Objective This study analyzed the potential of muscle strength, as well as that of whole-body and regional body composition, to associate femoral BMC in young women. Methods Fifteen female college students (aged 24.9 ± 7.2 years) were assessed for regional and whole-body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Maximum muscle strength was assessed by the one-repetition maximum (1RM) test in the following exercises: bench press (BP), lat pulldown (LP), knee flexion (KF), knee extension (KE) and 45° leg press (45LP). Linear regression analyzed BMC relationships with regional composition and 1RM values. Dispersion and error measures (R 2 aj and SEE), were tested, defining p ≤0.05. Results Among body composition variables, only total lean body mass was associated with femoral BMC values (R 2 aj = 0.37, SEE = 21.3 g). Regarding strength values, 1RM presented determination potential on femoral BMC in the CE exercise (R 2 aj = 0.46, SEE = 21.3 g). Conclusions Muscle strength aptitude in exercises for femoral regions is relevant to the femoral mineralization status, having associative potential that is similar to and independent of whole-body lean mass. Therefore, training routines to increase muscle strength in the femoral region are recommended. In addition, increasing muscle strength in different parts of the body may augment bone remodeling stimulus, since it can effectively alter total whole-body lean mass. Level of Evidence II; Development of diagnostic criteria in consecutive patients (with universally applied reference ‘‘gold’’ standard).

ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o estado nutricional através da coleta de dados antropométricos e do padrão alimentar de idosos fisicamente ativos em um município no interior do estado de São Paulo. Participaram 31 idosos, sendo 22 mulheres e nove homens. As variáveis estudadas referentes à composição corpórea foram: IMC, peso atual e ideal, adequação da circunferência muscular do braço (CMB), percentual de gordura, circunferência da cintura e da panturrilha. Em relação ao padrão alimentar, foram analisados o consumo de água, energia, cálcio e fibras, além da adequação dos macronutrientes. As médias dos valores de IMC, peso atual, CMB e circunferência da panturrilha não apresentaram diferença estatística do padrão considerado adequado pela literatura em ambos os sexos. O valor médio referente ao percentual de gordura feminino (38,76% ± 4,07%) e o valor referente à circunferência da cintura do mesmo sexo (87,36 ± 9,84) foram superiores ao valor considerado adequado. A média do consumo de energia para ambos os gêneros foi abaixo do recomendado, com relevância estatística (p < 0,0001). Apesar do consumo deficiente de calorias, a adequação dos macronutrientes se mostrou dentro do padrão. O consumo de água, cálcio e fibras para ambos os sexos se mostrou inferior ao adequado na literatura com relevância estatística (p = 0,0001). Os resultados sugerem que a correção dos hábitos alimentares e a prescrição de atividades físicas em intensidade adequada para essa população são de suma importância para melhorar o estado nutricional e evitar, assim, a incidência de problemas futuros.Palavras-chave: Estado Nutricional. Antropometria. Qualidade de Vida. Alimentação. Saúde do Idoso.

Propósito - A importância da inserção da temática das alterações climáticas no ambiente educacional a fim de tornar a formação superior mais consciente e responsável na área da saúde e meio ambiente. Metodologia - O estudo foi baseado na aplicação de um questionário sobre alterações climáticas para avaliar a relação entre algumas variáveis qualitativas de interesse. Foi utilizado o teste exato de Fisher ao nível nominal de 5% de significância respaldado pelo de Qui-quadrado. Resultados - Apesar de a maioria dos universitários acreditar que as alterações climáticas estão acontecendo nesse momento eles consideram que são poucas as informações a respeito do tema, declarando que a inserção na grade curricular pode fazer diferença na formação.

In this study we report the effects of an external electromagnetic field on the collective properties of unmagnetized plasmas. The calculations are carried out in the semi-classical approximation, i.e., the electromagnetic field is treated classically and the electrons from a quantum mechanical viewpoint. The results show that the collective modes are damped away smoothly and in a smaller frequency range than those reported by previous studies. An exponential-like decay for the plasmon frequencies as a function of the external field amplitude is readily observed. The results of previous studies are successfully obtained . We also find that the single photon processes has a pronounced effect on the decrease of the frequency range of modulation.