BackgroundCitrus flavonoids, such as hesperidin, have shown therapeutic properties that improve hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, and decrease blood serum lipids and inflammation. The current investigation studied the effects of hesperidin supplementation associated with continuous and interval swimming on the biochemical parameters (glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides), and oxidative stress markers (TBARS and DPPH) in rats.MethodsThe animals (n = 60) were randomly divided in six groups: negative (C) and positive control (CH) for hesperidin supplementation, and continuous or interval swimming without (CS and IS) or with hesperidin supplementation (CSH and ISH). Hesperidin was given by gavage for four weeks (100 mg/kg body mass) before the exercise. Continuous swimming was performed for 50 min with loads from 5% to 8 % of body weight from the first to fourth week, while interval swimming training was performed for 50 min in sessions of 1 min of swimming followed by 2 min of resting, carrying loads from 10% to 15, 20 and 25% from the first to fourth week. At the end of the experiment, blood serum samples were draw to perform analysis of glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-C and triglycerides. Oxidative biomarkers were evaluated by lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and antioxidant capacity assay (DPPH) of the blood serum.ResultsThere was a continuous decline of serum glucose from C (100%) > CH (97%) > CS (94%) > CSH (91%, p < .05), IS (87%, p < .05) > ISH (80%, p < .05), showing a combined beneficial effect of hesperidin and swimming. Also, continuous or intermittent swimming with hesperidin supplementation lowered total cholesterol (-16%, p < .05), LDL-C (-50%, p < 0.05) and triglycerides (-19%, p < 0.05), and increased HDL-C (48%, p < .05). Furthermore, hesperidin enhanced the antioxidant capacity on the continuous swimming group (183%, p < .05) and lowered the lipid peroxidation on the interval swimming group (-45%, p < .05).ConclusionsHesperidin supplementation per se, or in combination with swimming exercise protocols, improved the biochemical profile and antioxidant biomarkers evidencing that the use of flavanones may enhance the health benefits promoted by exercise.
The challenge in the search for relationships between urban space, physical mobility, and health status, is detecting indicators able to link the environment with healthy life habits. Therefore, the objective was to design an urban index for the identification of urban environment propensity for physical activity (PA) and to determine how it relates to lifestyle and anthropometric parametrization of obesity. Participants (N = 318-60.4% women and 39.6% men) were recruited from a mid-sized city with epidemiology and morbidity rates below the average for the mid-west region of Brazil. Body mass index (BMI) was measured and a questionnaire was applied to gather information about PA and life habits. The spatial urban health index (SUHI) was designed in a geographic information system using data from demographic, environmental and urban physical features. The relationship between BMI and PA was verified with multiple linear regression, controlled for SUHI levels. Regarding the BMI of the population, 69.5% were classified in the eutrophic or overweight ranges, with no effect of gender and age. The SUHI classified 63.7% of the urban area favorable to PA. The PA routine was adequate (�3 sessions with �1 h each) for~80% of the population, as well as healthy habits such as non smoking (~94%) and non alcohol abuse (~55%). The SUHI strengthens the relationships of BMI to weekly frequency (r =-0.68; t =-9.4; p<0.001) and session duration (r =-0.66; t =-2.8; p<0.001) for the whole group by improving the explanatory coefficient in~25% (R 2 Adj = 0.61 to R 2 Adj = 0.85). The SUHI indicated that the urban environment is able to promote healthy life habits by diminishing the "obesogenic" features of the city when physical structures are planned to facilitate PA, whatever the gender and age group.
ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o estilo de vida e a antropometria de idosas do projeto Geração 60+, de Sacramento, Minas Gerais. Participaram vinte idosas praticantes de atividades físicas com idade média de 68±9 anos. Por intermédio de questionário, foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, históricos e antecedentes familiares de doenças, sintomas clínicos, estilo de vida e conhecimento sobre atividade física, tipo e frequência das atividades realizadas. As variáveis antropométricas coletadas foram o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e relação cintura quadril (RCQ). Empregou-se estatística descritiva para análise dos dados. Observou-se que 55% das idosas eram casadas, 85% aposentadas e 75% tinham baixo nível de escolaridade. O histórico de doenças crônicas degenerativas referiu 50% maternas e 30% paternas. As participantes apresentaram sintomas de alguma doença, 85% visitavam periodicamente o médico e usavam medicamentos. As idosas eram não fumantes e 85% não consumiam álcool. Realizavam as principais refeições e 25% faziam dieta. Observou-se prevalên-cia (70%) para a prática de atividade física mais de três vezes por semana, durante 1 hora. Informaram não saber a diferença entre atividade física e exercício físico, mas reconheceram a sua importância para a saúde, 85% foram influenciadas por profissionais de saúde a realizar atividades físi-cas. A maioria das idosas apresentou IMC acima dos valores de referência e todas estavam com RCQ acima da normalidade. Apesar de a maioria demonstrar comportamentos preventivos e saudáveis, seus indicadores antropométricos refletiram risco à saúde. Existe uma necessidade de ações mais efetivas no projeto e de estratégias de educação em saúde, especialmente para a população de baixa escolaridade.Palavras-chave: Antropometria. Atividade física. Envelhecimento. Hábitos. Saúde.
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