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Data derived from a voltammetric and spectroscopic study of the V(V/IV) couple associated with the initial reduction of the Wells-Dawson-type mono vanadium-substituted polyoxometalates, 1- and 4-[S2V(V)W17O62](5-) in CH3CN as a function of CF3SO3H acid concentration have been obtained. (51)V NMR (V(V) component) and EPR (V(IV) component) spectra were measured in CH3CN in the presence and absence of an acid. These data showed a small fraction of the 1-isomer in the 4-[S2V(V)W17O62](5-) sample and that protonation could occur at both redox levels for both isomers. On the basis of the mechanism postulated from the voltammetric and spectroscopic data, simulations of cyclic voltammograms were undertaken for the reduction of the isomerically pure 1-[S2V(V)W17O62](5-) isomer over a wide acid concentration range, and the results were compared with experimental data. Cyclic voltammograms of the V(V/IV) couple derived from the reduction of 1- and 4-[X2V(V)W17O62](7-) (X = P, As) were also obtained in CH3CN and the results were compared with those for 1- and 4-[S2V(V)W17O62](5-). Reversible potentials for the V(V/IV) couple are dependent on the anion charge of the polyoxometalate. Analysis of cyclic voltammograms obtained for 1- and 4-[S2V(V)W17O62](5-) in acetonitrile, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide and nitromethane showed that these V(V/IV) reversible potentials are also dependent on the acceptor numbers and the polarity index (E(T)(N)) values of the organic solvents.

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A representative gold(III) complex ion ([AuCl4]−), successively hydrolyzes to form [AuCl4−n(OH)n]− (n = 0–4) in aqueous solution as the pH increases and, finally, precipitates. It has been referred to as “gold(III) hydroxide” for the past fifty years. However, whether the precipitate is gold(III) hydroxide (Au(OH)3) or hydrous gold(III) oxide (Au2O3·nH2O) has remained uncertain. Few studies have been conducted to determine its chemical and physical properties. The aim of this investigation is to identify the precipitate and to determine its solubility. The precipitate was X-ray amorphous. Based on the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, the shape was spherical and the particle diameter was approximately 9 nm. From the results of 197Au Mössbauer spectroscopy, Au L3-edge X-ray absorption (XA) spectroscopy and thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) measurements, the precipitate composition was estimated to be Au(OH)3. Based on the composition, its structure was proposed to be a linear polymer. Moreover, its solubility at 298 K was determined to be 0.00120 g/100 g of H2O. This chemical and physical properties information of Au(OH)3 is essential for gold chemistry, for example, for preparing supported gold catalyst.

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