Chemically modified and natural zeolite consisting of clinoptilolite and mordenite minerals (Sokirnica Mine, Ukraine) was selected for testing the adsorption ability of formaldehyde. Modified zeolite was produced from natural zeolite by chemical activation with sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) 2M at 95-98°C for six hours. Synthetic wastewater was prepared by adding formaldehyde at concentrations equal to or higher than the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) values: 1 MAC = 2 mg/l, 2 MAC = 4 mg/l, 3 MAC = 6 mg/l, 5 MAC = 10 mg/l, and 10 MAC = 20 mg/l. The effects of adsorption time (5 min, 10 min, 30 min, 60 min, 3 h, 5 h, 8 h, and 12 h) were examined for the selected formaldehyde concentrations. Adsorption efficiency, adsorption capacity, and iodine numbers were evaluated for the selected adsorbents. The positive effect of natural zeolite chemical modification was obtained in the range of 5.4 to 24.0%, with an average value of 9.2 %. Iodine number was selected as a parameter for natural zeolite chemical modification with 2M sulphuric acid evaluation. The iodine number before sorption was 154.3 mg•g -1 and after modification was 164.5 mg•g -1 .
Industrial activities can contribute to the accumulation of heavy metals in soils, which could potentially threaten public health and the environment. This research was conducted to investigate the relationships between pH and total organic carbon (TOC) with soil chemical parameters, including exchangeable and total Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, K, and Mg concentrations in soils near Panevėžys and Kaunas, Lithuania. Principal component regression (PCR) and non‐linear regression were used to find statistical relationships between pH, TOC, and the other soil properties studied. The results of correlation tests indicated that pH and TOC had strong relationships with most of the soil properties. The results of PCR [R2 = 0·87, RMSE = 0·046] and non‐linear regression [R2 = 0·91, RMSE = 0·041] (pH and the entire parameters), PCR [R2 = 0·777, RMSE = 0·058] and non‐linear regression [R2 = 0·871, RMSE = 0·046] (pH and the exchangeable parameters) to model the relationships between pH and soil chemical properties were promising and significant. Exchangeable heavy metal concentrations increased for pH > 5. Even though the relationships between TOC and heavy metals were significant, they were not as powerful as the relationships between pH and these metals. It was concluded that total metal concentrations in the study soils can be predicted by either pH or TOC. Metal mobility could most likely be controlled at the study site by manipulating soil pH and/or TOC. Finally, it is suggested that when there are financial and time limitations, assessment of total exchangeable metal concentrations using soil pH and/or TOC could be productive. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The investigation is focused on the uptake of heavy metals and macronutrients fluxes in Pinus sylvestris L. wood and soil under the sampled trees from contaminated and control sites. Soil pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and total and bioavailable heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and macronutrients, potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) were compared on contaminated and control sites. Also, metal uptake of contaminated and control pine woods was determined. Concentrations of soil bioavailable Cd (0.009 mg kg−1), Pb (0.11 mg kg−1), Cu (0.076 mg kg−1), Zn (0.51 mg kg−1) and K (24.42 mg kg−1), Mg (8.44 mg kg−1) on the contaminated plot were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than on the control plot 0.00004 mg kg−1for Cd, 0.007 mg kg−1 for Pb, 0.002 mg kg−1 for Cu, 0.22 mg kg−1 for Zn and 7.81 mg kg−1 for K, 2.40 mg kg−1for Mg. In addition, the percentage of bioavailable metals in contaminated soils was higher. Pb (34.49 mg kg−1), Cu (0.258 mg kg−1), Zn (1.36 mg kg−1) and K, Mg concentrations in wood were statistically higher than on the control site Pb (0.01 mg kg−1), Cu (0.172 mg kg−1), Zn (0.93 mg kg−1), at p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively. Cd did not show any significant difference in concentration on the contaminated plot in comparison to the control site. Santrauka Pagrindinis tiriamojo darbo tikslas – nustatyti sunkiųjų metalų kiekį paprastosios pušies (Pinus sylvestris L.), augusios šalia buvusios Ekrano gamyklos Panevėžyje, medienoje bei palyginti su augusios kontrolinėje teritorijoje. Įvertinta ir palyginta abiejų teritorijų dirvožemis, nustatyta dirvožemio pH, bendrosios anglies kiekis (TOC), įvertintos suminė ir judriosios fazės sunkiųjų metalų – švino (Pb), kadmio (Cd), vario (Cu), cinko (Zn) bei makroelementų – kalio (K) ir magnio(Mg) koncentracijos. Nustatyta į pušų medieną užterštoje ir kontrolinėje teritorijose patekusių metalų kiekiai. Akivaizdu, kad judriosios fazės metalų koncentracijos užterštoje teritorijoje (Cd – 0,009 mg·kg–1, Pb – 0,11 mg·kg–1, Cu – 0,076 mg·kg–1, Zn – 0,51 mg·kg–1 ir K – 24,42 mg·kg–1, Mg – 8,44 mg·kg–1) yra didesnės (p < 0,001) nei kontrolinėje(Cd – 0,000 04 mg·kg–1, Pb – 0,007 mg·kg–1, Cu – 0,000 2 mg·kg–1, Zn – 0,22 mg·kg–1 ir K – 7,81 mg·kg–1, Mg – 2,40 mg·kg–1). Pb (34,5 mg·kg–1), Cu (0,258 mg·kg–1), Zn (1,36 mg·kg–1) ir K bei Mg koncentracijos buvo statistiškaididesnės užterštoje teritorijoje (p < 0,05) augusios pušies medienoje nei kontrolinės (p < 0,001) – Pb – 0,01 mg kg–1, Cu – 0,172 mg·kg–1, Zn – 0,93 mg kg–1. Cd koncentracija užterštoje teritorijoje augusios pušies medienoje nedaug skyrėsi nuo kontrolinės. Резюме Главной целью научноисследовательской работы было определить количество тяжелых металлов в древесинесосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) на территории бывшего завода «Экранас» в Паневежисе и сравнить его сданными контрольной территории. В исследовательской работе оценены и сравнены почвы обеих территорий,определен показатель рН почвы, общее количество углерода (ОКУ), оценены общие и растворимые концентрации тяжелых металлов свинца (Pb), кадмия (Cd), меди (Cu), цинка (Zn), концентрации макроэлементов калия (K) имагния (Mg). Также оценено попадание металлов в древесину сосны в загрязненной и контрольной зонах. Замечена тенденция: концентрация растворимых металлов Cd (0,009 мг·кг–1), Pb (0,11 мг·кг–1), Cu (0,076 мг·кг–1), Zn (0,51 мг·кг–1) и K (24,42 мг·кг–1), Mg (8,44 мг·кг–1) в загрязненной зоне выше (p < 0.001), чем в контрольной, соответственно Cd (0,00004 мг·кг–1), Pb (0,007 мг·кг–1), Cu (0,002 мг·кг–1), Zn (0,22 мг·кг–1) ir K (7,81 мг·кг–1), Mg (2,40 мг·кг–1). Концентрации Pb (34,49 мг·кг–1), Cu (0,258 мг·кг–1), Zn (1,36 мг·кг–1), K и Mg в древесине были статистически выше на загрязненной территории (p < 0,05), чем на контрольной (p < 0,001) – Pb (0,01 мг·кг–1), Cu (0,172 мг·кг–1), Zn (0,93 мг·кг–1). Концентрация Cd на загрязненной территории существенно не отличалась отконцентрации на контрольной территории.
This paper describes the problem of oil pollutant re moval and the use of Acinetobacter genus microor ganisms in oil biodegradation. As part of the experi ments, Acinetobacter genus microorganism strain with the best ability to degrade crude oil and fuel oil in saline waters was selected from the microorganism collection of JSC "Biocentras". The impact of environmental con ditions (salinity, temperature, pH, substrate concent ration) on this strain's viability and the efficacy of its oil degradation processes were evaluated. The most ef ficient degradation of oil products by Acinetobacter ge nus bacteria was at temperature of 30 °C, in a pH range of 7-8, in model ocean water of 35 ‰ salinity.
Water protection is one of the most important priorities of environmental protection. It is necessary to reduce pollution of wastewater in order to reduce pollution of drinking-water and water pools. One of the most dangerous wastewater pollutants are heavy metals (HM). They have a negative influence on people and aquatic water systems. The paper analyses possibilities of the sorption method application for heavy metal elimination from wastewater. Experimental investigation of HM sorption from water and numerical modeling usage possibilities for prognosis of the HM sorption kinetic process was carried out as well as experimental study of HM elimination efficiency dependence on sorption time of HM from wastewater, when using sorbents. Two pseudo kinetic models, i e the pseudo first-and second-order models, were developed on the basis of experimental investigation. These models were applied in numerical modeling in the computer program PHOENICS. The results of the computer program PHOENICS and those of experimental investigation describing HM sorption from water were compared. After comparing the two pseudo models, it is determined that the pseudo second-order model suits better for HM sorption.
Water pollution with heavy metals, oil and its products is a very important environmental problem. Major part of chemical elements penetrating into the environment gets accumulated in the soil and bed sediment of water bodies. They may also migrate into surface, ground and underground water and spread at great distances. From here, they may enter again nutritional chains and poison living organisms. It is very important and necessary to investigate military territories and evaluate their environmental condition in order to identify the works of their cleaning and optimization of their environmental condition as well as their scope. However, not all the military territories in Lithuania have been sufficiently investigated so far, damage to the environment is not known. Therefore, investigation of such territories is of utmost importance, it is of scientific and environmental significance. This work is dedicated to the investigation and evaluation of surface water and bed sediment pollution with heavy metals and oil products in one of the biggest military grounds of Lithuania ‐ Kairiai Military Ground. Results of the investigation allowed answering the main questions about the most common pollutants, spreading in the environment because of military activities, to determine the level of pollution and most vulnerable territories.
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