Sunflower seed has been cultivated in Khartoum during both the summer and winter, and the analytical results for the respective oils are given. It is observed that increased temperature during the period of ripening of the seed leads to a very much reduced linoleic acid content in the oil. The importance of marketing crops grown in the same area during different seasons separately is stressed.
The seed oils of the species Clitoria ternatea and Entada phaseoloides have been examined in detail and their fatty acid composition determined. Like other species belonging to the Leguminosae group of families previously examined, they are characterized by the presence of higher saturated fatty acids.The plant Clitoria ternatea (family Papilionaceae) is being introduced into the Gezira area of the Sudan as a fodder crop, and the possibility of using the seeds as a human foodstuff is also under consideration. This species is known commonly as the butterfly bean, or Kordofan pea.Although the root, like jalap, is said1 to be a powerful cathartic, and an infusion of leaves is used for eruptions and also as an antidote to scorpion stings, nothing of a poisonous nature could be detected in the seeds. They were examined for the presence of alkaloids, with negative results, though Folkers & Unna2 have reported the presence of an alkaloid having a curare-like action in the related species C. arborescens. The powdered seeds were fed to monkeys in 5-g. doses which the animals ate voluntarily, and no toxic effects were observed. Particular attention was directed to the possibility of the presence of hydroxyanthraquinones or other purgative principles in view of an earlier report3 claiming purgative properties for these seeds, but no effect of this nature could be observed on the animals nor could any such compound be detected by chemical means. The seeds do, however., like other parts of the plant, contain a blue dye with indicator-like properties which has been referred to before4 and used in chemical analysis, Though this plant is indigenous to the Sudan, the sample analysed was from locally grown stocks originally obtained from the Bureau of Tropical Agriculture, South Johnstone, Queensland, where Clitoria is a constituent of natural grazing. The Australian strain is more vigorous than the local one, and will be used for large-scale cultivation.The plant is a strong-growing bushy creeper with dark-blue flowers, having a deep-rooting habit that enables it to withstand the rigours of a very dry hot climate. It is a perennial and the cattle of the Gezira have found it very palatable and graze it heavily.The plant bears a large number of nitrogen-fixing nodules ; it thus increases the fertility of the soil and is important as a rotational crop as well as for fodder. In addition it is a very effective controller of weeds, for once Clitoria 'is fully established watering may be stopped. The species does not die, but continues to absorb water from the soil and dry out the soil very thoroughly, making conditions unfavourable for the growth of perennial weeds. Clitoria revives very quickly with the early rains and smothers both annual and perennial weeds before they can establish themselves. This crop is particularly suitable for cultivation in the Gezira as it is resistant to many of the common insect pests and diseases.The species Entada phaseoloides is a member of the family Mimosaceae, and occurs in Equatoria Province in the ...
The isolation of tetramine (tetramethylammonium hydroxide) as the iodide from the root of Corrrbouia wirgara is described, and its distribution in various pans of the plant is recorded. The presence also of di-and trimethylmine has been proved, and of quaternary bases other than tctnminc indiu'ed. The carbohydrate material of the root is partly sucrose and partly araban, reducing sugars and starch being absent ; while that of the seeds is mainly starch together with a little pentosan, sucrosc and reducing sugars being absent. The canstants and fatty acid composition of the root fat have been determined j and the composition of the ash of the root is also given.to Riad Eff. Mansour and Ahmed Eff. Hassan Zaki for much [COOCH 31 OH Wellcome Chemical Laboratories, .
The seed fat of the Umbelliferous plant Ammi visnaga Linn. has been analysed, and the composition of the fatty acids has been shown to be palmitic acid 5%. petroselinic acid 50%. oleic acid 3z%, linoleic acid 13%.This species thus resembles other members of the family Umbelliferae, which are characterized by major proportions of petroselinic acid in the seed fat. The presence of the chromone, khellin, in the seeds has been confirmed.
Analyses have been made of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum) at different stages of maturity after flowering, and the results have been recorded in tables and graphs. It is seen that no appreciable oil develops in the seed until about the 35th day, when it increases rapidly; the carbohydrates decrease over this period. The oil as first formed is highly acidic, and contains much unsaponifiable matter, although the composition of the fatty acids remains practically constant over this period. The protein and ash contents increase steadily more or less in proportion to the weight of seed, but the crude fibre shows a sharp increase shortly before full maturity is reached. The immature seeds yield oil which does not respond to the Halphen test.
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