Changes in composition of cottonseed during development and ripening

Grindley, D. N.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740010507

Cited by 28 publications

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“…Fat utilization was more rapid in the light than in the dark. 4. During all stages of fat utilization there was only a small and relatively constant amount of free fatty acids in the cotvledons.…”

Section: Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Stansbury and Hoffpauir (19) showed an inverse relation between the proportion of linoleic and oleic acid as the iodine values changed. Grindley (4) reported that linoleic acid, oleic acid, and the saturated acids increased in the same proportion duringf deposition of the fat reserve in cotton seeds; consequently the iodine value remained steady.…”

Section: Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fat Utilization and Composition in Germinating Cotton Seeds.

White

1958

Plant Physiol.

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Diminuition of the fat reserve and concomitant increase of carbohydrate during germination of oil seeds have been well established (3,7,10,11,12,13,16). Few studies, however, have compared illuminated and unilluminated seedlings, or have controlled the environmental conditions to the degree necessary for calculation of a rate constant and for prediction of fat content at various stages of growth. MacLachlan (9) found a greater utilization of fat during soybean germination in the light than in the dark. He concluded that there was no preferential utilization of unsatuirated fatty acids, because no change was observed in the average unsaturation of the fatty acids in the cotyledons. But Holman (6), also using soybeans, reported a decrease in the iodine value of the fat reserve and a preferential utilization of linoleic and linolenic acid. Crombie and Comber (2) found that during the germination of seeds of the watermelon (Citruillus vulgaris) all the major fatty acids, except oleic, disappeared at rates proportional to the quantities present in the seed fat. Oleic acid was metabolized relativelv faster than the other fatty acids.A better understanding of the relations of fats to general metabolism may be expectedI to result from quantitative physiological and chemical studies of germinating fatty seeds. The extent to which reserve fats and current photosynthate contribute to the material and energy requirements for seedling growth represents one aspect of the broad problem. There is also a need for more analytical data on the changes that occur in the fatty acid composition of the glycerides as the fat reserve is utilized.The experiments reported in this paper were undertaken to study the rate of utilization and the composition of the fat reserve during cotton seed germination under various growth condlitions. To correlate the decrease in fat content with the growth of the seedlings, measurements were made of the development of the root, hypoeotyl, and cotyledon. The cultures were put in the particular evironment under study, and the testas were slipped off 3.5 hours later. For the experiments in the light the cultures were placed on a rotating table (20). Concentric daylight fluorescent tubes and a Mazda bulb provided a light intensity of 5300 meter candles at the surface of the bobbinet and 6700 meter candles at the level of the cotyledons of plants that had grown for 7 days.At suitable time intervals the plants were dissected into cotyledons, hypocotyls, and roots. The cotyledons were dropped in boiling water for one minute to arrest enzyme activity. They were dried at 450 C to a moisture content of 5 %, and the remaining water was removed at 550 C in a vacuum oven. The dried cotyledons were passed through a 20-mesh screen in a Wiley mill, extracted (Soxhlet) with petroleum ether (b.p. 30 to 600 C) for 24 hours, ground to fine particles with a mortar and pestle, and then reextracted with petroleum ether during a 2nd 24-hour period. After the solvent had been removed in a vacuum oven at 400 C, the crude lipide w...

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Section: Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat Utilization and Composition in Germinating Cotton Seeds.

White

1958

Plant Physiol.

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Biochemical Changes in Cottonseed During Germination

El‐Nockrashy

Mostafa

El-Shattory

et al. 1974

Nahrung

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Changes in oil, protein, carbohydrate, fiber, ash and gossypol contents of cottonseed during germination were studied. Highest reduction in kernel dry weight and highest oil, protein and carbohydrate consumptions occurred after the 8th day. Percentage carbohydrate consumption was always higher than oil or protein consumptions. Only little changes in fatty acid composition of oil was detected even during most rapid loss from kernels. The rate of losses of the three major fatty acids from kernels were in the following order:linoleic>oleic>palmitic. There was a continuous increase in the percentage total phospholipids as germination proceeds.The lecithin-cephalin ratio was I : 1.5 up to iodays germination, after which the ratio was lowered. The data indicate significant changes in the fatty acid constitution of the phospholipids throughout the germination period. The changes in the oil characteristics and the fatty acid proportions during germination differ with different seeds. WHITE [21] reported that during germination the rate of depletion of linoleic, oleic and saturated acids in cottonseed was proportional to their amounts in the reserve oil.No precise; information appeared in the literature concerning the changes in cottonseed phospholipids during germination. WEISS [23] indicated that although phosphatide phosphorus showed a little change in cereals and legumes, yet in oilseeds it increases.The present study was designed to investigate the changes in cottonseed constituents during germination. Changes in oil characteristics including : unsaturation, free acidity, and fatty acid constitution are also reported. Total and individual phospholipid contents of the oil as well as the fatty acids of the mixed phospholipids were studied. Materials and MethodsThe cottonseed (Gossypium barbadense, variety Bahteem-1 I I ) used in the present investigation was kindly supplied by Ministry of Agriculture Experimental Stations. CHESTER method [24] was used to separate sound seeds. The germination technique is basically the standard technique proposed by SIMPSON [25]. Fifty gram samples of sound resting seeds were germinated for 2 to 18 days in dark a t 28 'C. At the end of each germination period the seed samples were heated in an air oven a t 80 "C for 4 hours. The partially dried seeds were decorticated. Care was taken to separate the germinated kernels, which were then completely dried a t 105 "C for 12 hours, placed in a desiccator and weighed.

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Biochemical Changes in Cottonseed during Development and Maturity

El‐Nockrashy

Mostafa

El‐Fouly

et al. 1976

Nahrung

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The changes in cottonseed constituents at different boll ages ranging from 5 to 60 days after flowering are reported. A gradual depletion of sugars coincided with gradual formation of oil has been found. Proteins are accumulated at a more or less even rate. Gossypol starts its appearance in 10 days old boll, and continuously increases. The iodine value of the oils shows gradual increase, while the acid value continuously decreases. Continuous decrease in total saturated fatty acids during development and maturity was observed while linoleic acid continuously increases. The total phospholipid content of the oil continuously decreases. The total saturated fatty acid contents of the phospholipids are generally higher than that of their corresponding oils.

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Changes in composition of cottonseed during development and ripening

Cited by 28 publications

References 1 publication

Fat Utilization and Composition in Germinating Cotton Seeds.

Fat Utilization and Composition in Germinating Cotton Seeds.

Biochemical Changes in Cottonseed During Germination

Biochemical Changes in Cottonseed during Development and Maturity

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