The declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in drastic changes to life worldwide. In Spain, the state of alarm caused the confinement of 47 million inhabitants, affecting every aspect of life. This study analyzes the impact of such confinement on the health of men and women, as well as the effect on the practice of physical activity (PA) of both genders. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered. A total of 1046 people (48.57% men and 51.43% women) with an average age of 40 years (SD ± 13.35) participated in this study. For both genders, there was a significant decrease in quantity and intensity (p = 0.000). There was also an alteration in the type of PA practiced, shifting from cardiorespiratory exercise and muscular fitness to flexibility and neuromotor exercise (especially in women). The most popular way of practicing PA during the confinement was “autonomously” (statistically higher in men (M = 3.58) compared to women (M = 3.18)) and the most frequent format was “virtual” (statistically higher in women (M = 2.81) compared to men (M = 1.94)). Confinement modifies the habits of PA practice, especially in men. Both genders put their health and quality of life at risk by not following the PA guidelines of the health authorities World Health Organization (WHO) and American College of Sports Medicine ACSM). These conclusions highlight the importance of considering gender when designing programs and PA formats for the promotion of physical activity to reduce the existing gender divide.

Liming is a common practice used to improve acidic soil properties, as is essential for agricultural quality. A long-term field experiment with one lime rate (6000 kg/ha of carbonate calcium equivalent) and three calcium-based liming amendments (gypsum, limestone and sugar foam) was maintained on a Typic Palexerult for 10 years in order to determine changes in soil acidity and to assess the effects on crop (rye) yields. The soil acidity conditions decreased with all the amendments tested, but the sugar foam and limestone was more effective than gypsum over a long-term period. No significant changes in organic soil matter levels between the treatments tested were found. Interestingly, an increase in the leaching of organic soil matter was observed in limed soils. Lime application significantly increased the total rye biomass compared to the control soils during the whole experiment (2002–2011). Yield trends observed in spike and stem biomass were similar to those reported for total rye biomass. In this respect, at the end of the research, gypsum, limestone and sugar foam increased in relation to the total production of rye biomass by 16%, 32% and 38%, respectively, as compared to the control soils. Additionally, a significant and prolonged difference in calcium concentrations in rye stems between unlimed and limed subplots was observed. However, in spite of the results presented here, further investigations are needed to gain a better understanding of the long-term effects of liming on the chemical properties of soil.

Resumen: Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de la adquisición y el desarrollo de ciertas competencias genéricas en un grupo de estudiantes de Grado mediante el diseño de una nueva actividad de aprendizaje, específicamente un Juego Serio. A partir de la exigencia de nuevos métodos de enseñanza y, sobre todo aquellos relacionados con las tecnologías de aprendizaje, en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), el uso de juegos serios se justifica porque promueven el aprendizaje y transferencia de conocimiento. En concreto, se ha diseñado un juego serio, Concordia, con el fin de promover y analizar el desarrollo de la habilidad de trabajo en equipo. En este juego serio, los estudiantes tienen que resolver un problema cuya solución depende principalmente de la capacidad de negociación entre los miembros del grupo. Los resultados muestran que la experiencia mejora la solución final del juego y la habilidad de trabajo en equipo.Palabras clave: Software educativo; estudiantes de Grado; formación; habilidades de trabajo en equipo; juego serio. Designing and evaluating a serious game for training university students in team-working skillsAbstract: This paper is focused on analyzing the acquisition and development of certain generic skills in a group of degree students by means of the design of a new learning activity, specifically a Serious Game. New teaching methods and above all those ones related to learning technologies are demanded in European Higher Education Area (EHEA). The use of Serious Games is justified because they promote learning y knowledge transfer. Specifically we have designed a Serious Game, Concordia, in order to promote and analyze the development of the teamwork skill. In this Serious Game, students have to solve a problem whose solution mainly depends on the ability to negotiate among group members. Thus, we wanted to know if students can improve their teamwork skill with this Serious Game. The results show that the experience improves the final solution of the game, so this Serious Game improves the teamwork skill.

En España, la declaración del estado de alarma por la pandemia Covid-19, supuso que entre el 14 de marzo y el 2 de mayo de 2020, 47 millones de habitantes estuvieran confinados y sólo pudieran salir a cubrir necesidades básicas. Ante este hecho es oportuno analizar su impacto sobre la salud, tomando en consideración cómo afectó a la práctica de la actividad física. Se administró un cuestionario ad hoc. Los participantes fueron 1046 personas (hombre 48.57% y mujer 51.43%) y con una edad media de 40 (± DT 13.35 años). Respecto a la práctica de actividad física, destaca una significativa disminución de intensidad y cantidad (p < .001), y una modificación del tipo de actividad física realizada, pasando de deportes cardiovasculares y de aptitud muscular a prácticas de gimnasias suaves y flexibilidad. Aumentó el porcentaje total de personas que no realizaron nada de actividad física. Aun disponiendo de más tiempo libre, las personas en situación de ERTE, disminuyeron significativamente su cantidad de actividad física realizada (p < .001). Estos resultados permiten concluir que el confinamiento supuso una modificación de hábitos de práctica de actividad física, una disminución de los valores recomendados como saludables, lo que conllevó implicaciones sobre la salud y la calidad de vida. Se ofrece información que ayudará a entender estos nuevos comportamientos y que facilitará a los gestores estrategias innovadoras para activar la vuelta a niveles anteriores de actividad física, su incremento y, en definitiva, la reactivación del sector deportivo.  Abstract: In Spain, the declaration of the state of alarm due to the Covid-19 pandemic, meant that between 14th of March and 2nd of May 2020, 47 million inhabitants were confined at home and could only go out to cover basic needs. This unprecedented event has led to a paradigm shift, and it is appropriate to analyze its impact on health, considering how it has affected the practice of physical activity. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered. The participants were 1046 people (48.57% male and 51.43% female) and the average age of 40 (± DT 13.35 years). Regarding the practice of physical activity, a significant decrease in intensity and quantity stands out (p < .001), and a modification of the type of physical activity performed, going from cardiovascular sports and muscular fitness to soft gymnastics and flexibility practices. The total percentage of people who did no physical activity at all, increased. In addition, although more free time was available, people in ERTE situation significantly decreased their amount of physical activity performed (p < .001). These results allow us to conclude that confinement has meant a modification of physical activity practice habits and a decrease in the recommended values ​​of healthy healthy, and therefore has had implications on health and quality of life. This information will help to understand these new behaviors in order for managers to implement innovative strategies to reactivate the return to previous levels of physical activity, its increase and, in short, the reactivation of the sports sector.

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The selection of a portfolio encounters several extremely complex situations. From among them, it has to be highlighted, due to its difficulty and transcendence, the Financial Assets selection when interrelations (positive and/or negative) occur among the expected profitabilities of each one of them.The tools traditionally used have tried to approach it by simplifying reality and, therefore, the obtained results are not fully satisfactory. This situation has encouraged the authors to questioning whether better solutions can be reached by applying the so called Intelligent Technologies. Thus, one of the available tools is the one constituted by Genetic Algorithms, due to its utility when offering solutions to complex optimization problems. Furthermore, by using the Fuzzy Sets Theory, we intend to obtain a closer representation for the uncertainty that characterises Financial Market.This way, it is intended to outline an approach to solve Financial Assets selection problems for a portfolio in a non-linear and uncertainty environment, by applying a Fuzzy Genetic Algorithm to optimize the investment profitability.

The present study is intended to analyze the effect of global quality, perceived value, general satisfaction, and emotions on future behavior patterns among participants in the European Duathlon Championship. In this sense, a questionnaire was administered (n = 210), composed of four sections: essential demographic and profiling variables, perceived quality, overall quality, and emotions. Consequently, a relational model was designed to be examined by means of structural equation modeling (SEM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Results reveal that global quality and general satisfaction are key dimensions for determining future behaviors of participants, but not so the perceived value. Moreover, up to three combinations of these dimensions together with emotions-pleasure and arousal-emerged as enough for depicting future intentions to a great extent. In this line, a remarkably sufficient combination consists of global quality, general satisfaction, pleasure, and arousal. These findings will guide organizers to design strategies that provide exciting experiences, as well as quality and satisfaction to the participants of sports events.

¿Influye el aula invertida en la motivación y el rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios? 660 ¿INFLUYE EL AULA INVERTIDA EN LA MOTIVACIÓN Y EL RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO DE ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS?How does flipped classroom influence the motivation and academic performance of university students?Como a flippedclassroom influence a motivação e desempenho acadêmico dos estudantes universitários?Plan de Apoyo a los Grupos de Innovación Docente de la ULE (PAGID 2016 MétodoSe analizan los datos del diseño experimental de las asignaturas participantes en el estudio de investigación (Tabla 1), asignando al azar los estudiantes en dos grupos (grupo experimental GE y grupo de control GC y). En el primer caso se aplica la metodología objeto de estudio, mientras que en el GC se utiliza la metodología tradicional. Al finalizar la experiencia ambos grupos fueron sometidos a una misma prueba de evaluación (Tabla 2) para recabar los datos de las variables objeto de análisis. Tabla 1. Muestras de conveniencia Asignatura Tabla 2. Alumnos presentados a las pruebas de evaluación Resultados y discusiónHipótesis de investigación 1. El resultado del contraste de hipótesis de diferencia de proporciones para cada materia se muestra en la Tabla 3. Los resultados obtenidos, para un nivel de significación de 5%, permiten afirmar que: Tabla 3. Resultados contraste hipótesis Estadístico Z p-valorA1. Se rechaza H 0 , asumiendo por tanto que la proporción de alumnos presentados en el GE es significativamente mayor que en el GC.A2. En este caso, no hay diferencias significativas en el número de alumnos presentados entre los dos grupos. A3. También se rechaza H 0 , asumiendo que la proporción de alumnos presentados del GE (el 100%) es significativamente mayor que en el GC.En consecuencia, la motivación de los alumnos en el caso de asignaturas obligatorias o de formación básica ha mejorado, mientras que en la asignatura optativa no se observa esta mejoría Hipótesis de investigación 2. En primer lugar, se han sometido las calificaciones de los dos grupos en cada asignatura a las pruebas de normalidad (Tabla 4), con el fin de conocer si es factible la aplicación de una técnica paramétrica para el contraste. Por tanto, para la comparación de medias es posible realizar la prueba paramétrica tStudent en las materias A1 y A3, mientras que para la materia A2 al no poder asumir normalidad, se ha optado por aplicar la técnica no paramétrica U de Mann-Whitney para la comparación de medianas. Los resultados se muestran en las Tablas 5 y 6. Tabla 4. Pruebas de normalidad ConclusionesLos resultados del estudio de investigación permiten concluir, en relación a las hipótesis planteadas, que la motivación de los alumnos en el caso de asignaturas obligatorias o de formación básica ha mejorado, mientras que en la asignatura optativa no se observa esta mejoría. Estas conclusiones son plausibles teniendo en cuenta el diferente carácter de las materias, dado que asumimos que los alumnos de asignaturas optativas presentan una motivación intrínseca al rea...