Objective: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among the elderly. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in a municipality of São Paulo from 2011 to 2012. A structured questionnaire was administered to 382 elderly people, and their blood samples were collected to test for syphilis, hepatitis B, and HIV/AIDS. Data were analyzed using the logistic regression model, with discussion based on the benchmark of vulnerability. Results: The prevalence of STIs was 3.4%, with 2.6%, 0.5%, and 0.3% prevalence of syphilis, hepatitis B, and HIV infection, respectively. Sex and a history of STIs were independently associated with this outcome: women had 12 times more likely to contract STIs than men, and the elderly with a history of these infections were 5 times more likely to contract an STI than those without a history of these infections. Conclusion: The results indicated individual and programmatic vulnerabilities of the elderly to STIs. It is essential to suggest strategies that encourage women to negotiate safe sex practices as well as educating healthcare professionals on this subject. ResumoObjetivo: Identificar a prevalência e fatores associados às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) em idosos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado em município do interior paulista, entre 2011-2012. Aplicou-se questionário estruturado a 382 idosos, coletou-se exame para sífilis, hepatite B e HIV/Aids. Análise de dados foi realizada por modelo de regressão logística, com discussão a partir do referencial da vulnerabilidade. Resultados: A prevalência de IST foi 3,4%, sendo 2,6%, 0,5% e 0,3% de sífilis, hepatite B e infecção pelo HIV, respectivamente. Associaram-se de forma independente a este desfecho sexo e história de IST: mulheres tiveram 12 vezes mais chance que homens e, em idosos com história destas infecções, houve cinco vezes mais chance de IST, quando comparados àqueles sem história. Conclusão: Os resultados apontam para vulnerabilidade individual e programática dos idosos às IST. Sugeremse estratégias que favoreçam às mulheres negociarem a prática de sexo seguro e a educação permanente dos profissionais na temática.

Adolescence is the age of crises, changes, adaptation to the new body and new attitudes towards life. If we add to this the meaning of pregnancy from personal, social and family points of view, we will understand how difficult it can be for the adolescents. The purpose of this study was to identify where the pregnant teenagers look for support. Results showed that they had family support, mainly from parents, and less frequently from the baby's father. It also showed the pregnancy acceptance, its relation to school abandonment, the girls' idealized vision of pregnancy and future expectations, the concern about biological aspects and the lack of concern about real problems.

This study describes the results of the health programme implemented in the Valencian Community (Spain) to achieve an early diagnosis of Chagas disease in pregnant Latin American women and their newborns. During 2009 and 2010, 1975 women living in the health districts of three university hospitals were enrolled via midwives or at the time of delivery. Diagnosis of disease was performed using two serological tests with different antigens. Congenital infection was diagnosed by parasitological, molecular or serological methods from blood samples obtained at birth or in subsequent controls. The overall seroprevalence of Chagas infection in pregnant women from 16 different endemic countries was 11·4%. Infection was higher in those from countries in the Gran Chaco Region (Bolivia, 34·1%; Paraguay, 7·4%; Argentina, 5·3%). Eight newborn infants from Bolivian mothers had congenital Chagas which represents a vertical transmission rate of 3·7%. In conclusion, this work supports the benefits of offering an early diagnosis to pregnant women and newborns during routine prenatal healthcare.

OBJETIVOS: avaliar estrutura e processo da assistência pré-natal e puerperal desenvolvidas na Direção Regional de Saúde (DIR) XI - Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: avaliaram-se recursos existentes e atividades desenvolvidas durante assistência pré-natal e puerperal em 20 municípios da Regional que aderiram ao Programa de Humanização do Pré-natal e Nascimento até 2003, através de entrevista com gestores municipais e análise de 385 prontuários, considerando-se recomendações do Ministério da Saúde. RESULTADOS: a análise da estrutura evidencia atendimento centrado no trabalho médico. Equipamentos e instrumentais básicos estão disponíveis. Iniciaram o pré-natal com até 120 dias de gestação 85,2% das mulheres e 75,9% realizaram pelo menos seis consultas na gestação. A busca ativa de gestantes faltosas e a existência de estratégias de captação precoce estavam presentes em 30% e 50% dos municípios, respectivamente. Indicadores de processo evidenciaram que 3,6% das gestantes realizaram seis consultas de pré-natal, a consulta de puerpério, todos os exames básicos e foram imunizadas contra o tétano. A cobertura de registro da idade gestacional, pressão arterial e peso foi próxima a 90%, realizaram revisão de parto 58,7% das mulheres e 31,5% delas foram vacinadas. CONCLUSÕES: a realização do conjunto das atividades constitui um desafio da atenção pré-natal na DIR XI.

This study aimed to identify factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding (AME) FATORES ASSOCIADOS À SITUAÇÃO DO ALEITAMENTO MATERNO EXCLUSIVO EM CRIANÇAS MENORES DE 4 MESES, EM BOTUCATU-SP Objetivou-se identificar fatores associados ao aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) e os motivos apresentados pelas mães para a introdução de alimentação complementar nos primeiros 4 meses de vida. Foram entrevistadas 380 mães (92,2%) de crianças menores de 4 meses vacinadas em Campanha deMultivacinação. Para identificação dos fatores associados à situação da criança em relação ao AME, realizaramse análises de regressão logística univariadas e múltiplas. Em AME, estavam 38,0% das crianças; 33,4% consumiram leite de vaca; 29,2%, chás, e 22,4%, água

Objective outline the profile of women living with the human immunodeficiency virus/aids in interior cities in São Paulo State, in the attempt to identify characteristics related to individual, social and programmatic vulnerability and to analyze the conditions in which they discovered their serological status. Method between October 2008 and December 2010, a cross-sectional study was undertaken with 184 women attended at a specialized service. The data were collected through an interview and gynecological test, including the collection of samples for the etiological diagnosis of sexually transmissible conditions. Results the women were predominantly white, between 30 and 49 years of age, lived with a partner, had a low education level, multiple sexual partners across the lifetime and unsafe sexual practices. The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases corresponded to 87.0%. Conclusion the study suggests the need to offer gynecological care in specialized services and the accomplishment of multiprofessional actions to reinforce the female autonomy in protective decision making.

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of different types of breastfeeding and how they relate to maternal variables in the municipality of Conchas, São Paulo, Brazil, which is fully covered by the family health program. We collected information about the current eating habits of children under one year old who were attended during the 2003 Multivaccination Campaign. Associations were submitted to the chi-square test, adopting p<0.05 as the critical level. The prevalence rates for exclusive breastfeeding (EB) and predominant breastfeeding (PB) in 4-month-olds and younger were 25.4% and 44.4%, respectively, and 66.7% of the children under one were still being breastfed. Prevalence for EB in 6-month-olds and younger was heterogeneous, ranging from 7.4 to 41.2% according to the children's region of origin in the FHP. Difficulties at the beginning of breastfeeding were associated with lower prevalence rates for EB and PB. These results show a situation far from WHO recommendations and from that situation in which there is evidence that children's health receives maximum protection, reiterate the need to support mothers in the early puerperal period and demonstrate the importance of diagnoses separated per regions for actions aimed at promoting breastfeeding.

COMPRENDIENDO EL SIGNIFICADO DEL EMBARAZO COMPRENDIENDO EL SIGNIFICADO DEL EMBARAZO COMPRENDIENDO EL SIGNIFICADO DEL EMBARAZO COMPRENDIENDO EL SIGNIFICADO DEL EMBARAZO COMPRENDIENDO EL SIGNIFICADO DEL EMBARAZO P P P P PARA LAS MUJERES DIABÉTICAS EMB ARA LAS MUJERES DIABÉTICAS EMB ARA LAS MUJERES DIABÉTICAS EMB ARA LAS MUJERES DIABÉTICAS EMB ARA LAS MUJERES DIABÉTICAS EMBARAZAD ARAZAD ARAZAD ARAZAD ARAZADAS AS AS AS ASEste estudio cualitativo tuvo por objetivo comprender el significado del embarazo para las mujeres diabéticas embarazadas. Utilizamos la entrevista semi estructurada y, para el análisis de los datos, construimos el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo tras la identificación de las ideas centrales: "felicidad delante de un embarazo planeado", "preocupación con el embarazo y renuncia", "mi embarazo fue planeado", "mi plan era otro", "siento lo que las embarazadas sienten", "tuve muchos problemas en el embarazo", "un niño era todo lo que él quería", "él no tiene aquella emoción como la mujer", "estoy cuidándome, haciendo todo lo que el médico dijo", "estoy intentando hacer dieta, pero es difícil". Así, destacamos que también entre las mujeres diabéticas embarazadas estudiadas, planear y desear el embarazo y tener el apoyo de la familia o pareja fueran esenciales para que ese acontecimiento pudiese ser vivido de forma agradable. DESCRIPTORES: complicaciones del embarazo; embarazo de alto riesgo; investigación cualitativa