Purpose – Research on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has attracted researchers’ attention for over 30 years. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively analyze the body of literature resulting from 30 years of research in EO, and to answer the following questions: what are the major themes that have emerged? What areas are missing? What degree of convergence do we see in the field of EO, and what concepts/topics has the field converged around? Design/methodology/approach – A bibliometric study with a sample of 405 articles published from January 1987 to July 2014 was developed. Techniques of bibliometric, lexical, and content analysis were used. The analysis involved: the evolution of published articles; the main authors, their nationalities, and institutional affiliations; citation and co-citations analysis; the journals that have published the most articles; and the most frequently-searched topics. Opting for bibliometric techniques permit an analysis of a larger number of articles and a greater variety of articles than other methodologies such as meta-analyses and systematic review studies. Accordingly, a more comprehensive look at the field of EO can be taken. Findings – Two distinct but complementary classifications are proposed to characterize the body of the literature resulting from 30 years of research in EO. The first one demonstrates that the field presents a convergence of the themes in four axis which together comprise studies on EO: performance, strategy, entrepreneurial attitude, and management. The second one presents the frequency of occurrence of the themes in the field: high-frequency themes or classical themes, frequently in the literature; moderate-frequency themes or emerging issues have not been sufficiently explored; low-frequency themes or potential opportunities related to understudied issues and contexts less frequently surveyed. A future research agenda is proposed for emerging themes and specific contexts. Practical implications – The identification of key themes in the field of EO contributes to assess the research evolution in order to recognize emerging themes and contexts, and the research gaps. With this, it is possible to lead new studies to cover a lack of research and advance knowledge in the field. The themes most studied also show the contribution for EO to organizational practice, especially in relation to the impact on the performance, the stimulus to the development of innovations, and the effects on organizational growth. Additionally, the identification of the authors most cited, most productive on the theme and the identification of the core journals for publishing of the area is recommended as a general reference for researchers interested in the topic of EO. Social implications – Although EO literature has been widely developed in Anglo regions (especially in the USA and UK) and Germanic Europe (especially Spain), there are others lacking these studies, especially Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, and Middle East, with rare articles published internationally. The results can guide the advancement of research in these different contexts and realities where even issues more widely treated in the literature have been unexplored. The lack of studies in certain contexts can lead to new studies for inserting new insights into EO, such as potential differences between developed regions and in development. For regions where the studies on EO are more developed, the results of this paper contribute to signaling issues and contexts little explored that may be the focus of attention. Originality/value – The generation of literature indicators of EO through bibliometric fills a research gap on the theme, providing a more comprehensive view of the field and of the current status of the research on EO. Identifying the most frequent topics in EO literature, and little-explored themes and contexts makes it possible to propose an agenda for future research and knowledge generation on EO. Thus, it is suggested the development of studies focus on emerging themes like growth, learning, knowledge, resources, and capabilities; also in specific contexts with potential for aggregating new knowledges in the EO field such as family firms, non-profit organizations, social contexts, the public sector, university, spin-off, firms in emerging and developing economies.

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To evaluate the effect of different naturally occurring irradiation conditions on the sensitivity of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Label) to increased UV‐B levels, plants were grown under six different light treatments. In the control series (at ambient levels of UV‐B), UV‐B and visible light were decreased in parallel, resulting in three different total irradiation treatments with the same UV‐B/PAR ratio. A second series with a 15% increase in UV‐B irradiation at each PAR level was used to investigate the effect of UV‐B under the varying total irradiance levels. The different total irradiance levels resulted in large differences in total dry weight, specific leaf weight, photosynthesis‐light response and pigment concentrations. Nevertheless, the 15% increase in UV‐B resulted in equal reductions in total dry weight (from 24.5 to 34.3%) and effective photosynthesis for all light levels. The accumulation of protective pigments in the primary bean leaves was strongly correlated to the total irradiance level (200% increase from the lowest to the highest light level), but was not influenced by increasing UV‐B levels. As the UV‐B/PAR ratio outside increases with decreasing total irradiance (when induced by cloud cover) this implies that low radiation levels are potentially dangerous to some plants, even though the UV‐B levels may seem negligible.

avec le Brésil (Cofecub)] voltadas para a formação de recursos humanos.

PurposeThe paper aims to clarify the characteristics of the entrepreneurial university, beyond commercial entrepreneurship to other aspects of entrepreneurship, such as social or different demands for solutions to problems in society, and integrate the entrepreneurial practices between teaching, research, extension and innovation within an entrepreneurial ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to propose an entrepreneurial university model that contemplates elements and guidelines.Design/methodology/approachThe paper opted for qualitative research of exploratory methodological approach and case study with units of analysis (management, technological innovation nucleus, academic units and ecosystem) in a Brazilian public university. For data collection, we used semi-structured interviews as primary data, and as a secondary, documentary survey, using as reference the theoretical model based on the bibliographic mapping.FindingsThe analyzed university is still in the process of transforming into an entrepreneurial university, and for that, it is necessary to devise strategies in a set. In addition, to giving new meaning to the concept of the entrepreneurial university, we reorganized the characteristics into dimensions, and we suggested guidelines.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the search approach chosen, the research results may lack generalizability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed model further in different contexts, as non-technological, for example.Practical implicationsThis study presents the understanding that different areas of knowledge can incorporate extension activities and contribute to the transformation of traditional universities into entrepreneurs and, starting point for other empirical studies.Social implicationsAn entrepreneurial university incorporates its social role as it meets the demands of society.Originality/valueThis paper fulfills an identified need to expand the characteristics of an entrepreneurial university within an entrepreneurial ecosystem.

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Essa pesquisa exploratória é motivada pela relevância dada na atualidade aos temas de inovação e de sustentabilidade, bem como à necessidade de inserir as dimensões ambiental, econômica e social no contexto da gestão de projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos, visando à inovação sustentável. Assim, objetivou-se analisar como os conceitos de sustentabilidade foram utilizados no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos. Para explorar o conceito de inovação sustentável, realizou-se um estudo de caso único de um projeto de desenvolvimento de produto inovativo. Na coleta de dados, foram utilizados documentos do projeto e entrevista semi-estruturada com o responsável pelo projeto analisado. Como resultado, concluiu-se que o projeto avaliado apresentou alinhamento em termos de sustentabilidade com vistas ao quadro teórico apresentado com base no modelo triple-bottom line, evidenciando ações, práticas e indicadores de sustentabilidade econômica, ambiental e social na gestão do projeto avaliado.

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