No abstract

OBJETIVOS: analisar o Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (Sisvan) como instrumento de monitoramento da Estratégia Nacional para Alimentação Complementar Saudável (ENPACS) nos 40 Municípios da Superintendência Regional de Saúde de Belo Horizonte (SRS-BH). MÉTODOS: realizou-se estudo descritivo envolvendo o total de crianças menores de dois anos acompanhadas pelo Sisvan Web nos anos de 2008 a 2011. A cobertura do Sisvan Web foi calculada dividindo-se o número de crianças menores de dois anos, acompanhadas pelo Sisvan Web, pela população na mesma faixa etária. Foi enviado questionário pertinente às referências técnicas do Sisvan dos municípios avaliados, para levantamento de informações sobre o funcionamento do Sisvan. RESULTADOS: a cobertura do Sisvan Web, na totalidade dos municípios, variou de 4,3% (2008) a 10,7% (2011). O questionário foi respondido por 38 Municípios da SRS-BH, sendo que desses, 31,6% informaram utilizar os dados do Sisvan Web para estabelecer ações de intervenção nutricional. CONCLUSÕES: o estudo identificou baixas coberturas, pouca utilização dos dados e a necessidade de fortalecer o Sisvan, para que possa gerar informações consistentes sobre a situação alimentar e nutricional das crianças menores de dois anos, tornando-se, assim, adequado para o monitoramento da ENPACS.

Neste trabalho, buscou-se avaliar o efeito da adubação com lodo de esgoto submetido a diferentes processos de higienização, sobre os teores de metais pesados e densidade de patógenos no solo e em grãos de milho e feijão caupi consorciados. Os tratamentos no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, corresponderam a: Solo sem adubação; Calagem e adubação química; Lodo não higienizado; Lodo higienizado com nim; Lodo higienizado com cal; Composto de lodo e ipomoea; Composto de lodo e ipomoea com fosfato; Lodo não higienizado e fosfato no solo; Lodo higienizado com nim e fosfato no solo; Lodo higienizado com cal e fosfato no solo; Composto de lodo e ipomoea e fosfato no solo. As densidades de patógenos no solo foram extremamente baixas e não diferiram entre tratamentos. As concentrações de metais pesados no solo, mesmo com uso do lodo de esgoto, não extrapolaram os limites máximos de adição anual nem os limites máximos permitidos para solos; apesar disso, as concentrações de Pb em grãos de milho, e de Pb e Cr em grãos de feijão, atingiram valores acima dos limites permitidos para produtos agrícolas, independente da adição de lodo ao solo. Em geral, não houve influência dos tipos de lodo de esgoto em relação aos teores de metais pesados, em grãos de milho e feijão.

ABSTRACT

Medical charts and radiographs from 38 HIV-infected patients with positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage were reviewed in order to compare the clinical, radiographic, and sputum bacilloscopy characteristics of HIV-infected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis according to CD4+ lymphocyte count (CD4). The mean age of the patients was 32 years and 76% were male. The median CD4 was 106 cells/mm³ and 71% had CD4 < 200 cells/mm³. Sputum bacilloscopy was positive in 45% of the patients. Patients with CD4 < 200 cells/mm³ showed significantly less post-primary pattern (7% vs. 63%; p = 0.02) and more frequently reported weight loss (p = 0.04). Although not statistically significant, patients with lower CD4 showed lower positivity of sputum bacilloscopy (37% vs. 64%; p = 0.18). HIV-infected patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis had a high proportion of non-post-primary pattern in thoracic radiographs. Patients with CD4 lower than 200 cells/mm³ showed post-primary patterns less frequently and reported weight loss more frequently.

-The Mediterranean fruit fl y, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is considered one of the main pests that affect fruit production in the world. This insect spends part of its life cycle in the soil, making it a target for entomopathogenic nematodes. This work aimed at evaluating the infl uence of soil temperature and moisture on the infectivity of Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 and Steinernema carpocapsae ALL to third-instars of C. capitata, and to compare the effi ciency of these isolates at fi ve different soil temperatures (19, 22, 25, 28, and 31°C) and three levels of relative soil moisture (100, 75, and 50% of fi eld capacity). Ten C. capitata larvae were transferred to plastic jars (12 cm × 6 cm) containing 100 g soil, followed by the application of an aqueous suspension containing 125 infective juveniles (IJ)/cm 2 . In the control treatment, 3 ml of distilled water was applied. Mortality evaluations were made fi ve days later and were confi rmed by observations of the characteristic symptoms and cadaver dissection. The infectivity was directly proportional to temperature increase, with maximum percent mortality of 86.7% and 80.0% for S. carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis sp., respectively, at 31°C. At 25°C, the highest mortality for both species was obtained at 75% of fi eld capacity (96.7% and 26.7% for S. carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis sp., respectively).

Objective: To describe data related to the pulmonary function of patients with sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis, pleural tuberculosis or both. Methods: In the outpatient clinic of a university hospital, 218 patients were evaluated. Of those 218, 56 had sequelae of tuberculosis (pulmonary, pleural or both), and 162 had other types of tuberculosis. All patients were evaluated in the pulmonary function laboratory between February 2000 and July 2004, and 43 were found to be eligible for inclusion in the study. Patients with a history of asthma, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, cardiac insufficiency, collagen diseases, silicosis or thoracic surgery, as well as those for whom spirometry yielded unacceptable results or was not performed, were excluded. The lung fields were divided into six zones, and radiographic results were classified by degree: Ι (involvement of only one zone with no cavitation); ΙΙ (involvement of two or three zones or of one zone with cavitation); or ΙΙΙ (extensive involvement of three or more zones with or without cavitation). Results: The final study sample comprised 50 patients, 44 (88%) of whom had pulmonary tuberculosis. The most prevalent form (17/50; 34%) was mixed ventilatory disturbance. Severe disturbances were more significant in degree ΙΙΙ radiographs (p = 0.0002) and normal pulmonary function was predominant among patients presenting degree Ι and ΙΙ radiographs (p = 0.002). Conclusion:The early discovery and treatment of tuberculosis contribute to reduce the number of cases, as well as the incidence of tuberculosis sequelae, thereby improving the quality of life of tuberculosis patients. Further studies, involving longitudinal, sequential analysis and larger samples of patients with tuberculosis sequelae, should be conducted in referral centers in Brazil.

The clinical and radiological pulmonary manifestations in the initial phase of schistosomiasis mansoni were studied in thirty previously healthy individuals who were simultaneously infected. The findings were compared with those concerning a control group and related to possible pathogenetic factors. The respiratory manifestations were of light or of moderate intensity, the dry cough being the most common symptom. The significant radiological alterations were: thickening of bronchial walls and beaded micronodulation, predominantly localized in the lower pulmonary fields. It was observed significant association between wheezing and IgE levels, estimated by the area of immediate intradermal reaction, as well as between the number of blood eosinophils and the occurrence of radiological changes. Moreover, there was correlation between the worm burden and the presence of wheezing, thoracic pain and beaded micronodulation. Thus, the clinical and radiological pulmonary manifestations described are significant part of the initial phase of schistosomiasis mansoni and present the worm burden, eosinophilia and levels of IgE as probable pathogenetic factors.