Various extracts including petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, aqueous and crude aqueous of barks of Acacia catechu (A. catechu) Willd (Leguminosae) and the two fractions of ethanolic extract were tested for antihyperglycaemic activity in glucose-loaded hyperglycaemic rats. The effective extract and fraction of A. catechu were subjected to antidiabetic study in alloxan-induced diabetic rats at two dose levels, 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Biochemical parameters, including glucose, urea, creatinine, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), haemoglobin and glycosylated haemoglobin were also assessed. The ethanolic extract of A. catechu and the water insoluble fraction of ethanolic extract exhibited significant anti-hyperglycaemic activity and produced dosedependent hypoglycemia in fasted normal rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with ethanolic extract and water-insoluble fraction of this plant restored the elevated biochemical parameters significantly (p<0.05) to the normal level. Comparatively, the water insoluble fraction of ethanolic extract was more effective than the ethanolic extract and the activity was comparable to that of the standard, glibenclamide (5 mg/kg).
Background: Both smoking and diabetes are attributed to be strongly linked with pulmonary tuberculosis. The significance of the study lies in assessing severity of manifestations in pulmonary tuberculosis patients due to smoking and diabetes. Subjects and Methods:This is a cross sectional observational study among patients presenting to Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases, Government Medical College, Patiala. 200 Patients were enrolled in this study who are sputum smear positive pulmonary kochs patients already on ATT and admitted in this department were evaluated by clinical history, blood and radiological investigations and the data was statistically analyzed.Results:Non smoker non diabetic group had maximum of females, n=28(56%), whereas purely diabetic study group has maximum of males, n=30(60%).The total number of patients whose sputum showed bacterial culture was 19 (9.5%). In the patients having both diabetes and smoking as risk factor there was maximum culture positivity, n=6 (31.5%)and most common organism isolated was klebsiella pneumonia, n=3 (50%), Klebsiella was also the most common organism isolated overall, n=10 (62.5%).Conclusion: The combination of smoking and diabetes can lead to serious disease, sputum positivity and complications.
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