The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of single and combined genotypes of MC4R and POU1F1 genes in Chinese well-known indigenous chicken (Langshan chicken) population. Genetic variants within MC4R gene and POU1F1 gene were screened through PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing methods. A C/T mutation at nt 944 in MC4R gene (NC_006089.2:g. 944C>T) and a G/A mutation at nt 3109 in POU1F1 gene (NC_006088.2:g. 3109 G>A) were identified. Associations between the mutations of the two genes with two production traits were analyzed. The results showed that, at MC4R locus, individuals with BB and AB genotypes had highly significantly higher body weight at 16 weeks (p < 0.01) than did those with the AA genotype. And, individuals within AA and AB genotypes had significantly higher egg numbers at 300 days (p < 0.05). At POU1F1 locus, individuals with CD genotype had higher body weight at 16 weeks and egg numbers at 300 days (p < 0.05). Furthermore, combined genotypes from these two loci were found to be associated with egg numbers at 300 days (p < 0.05). The individuals within combined genotype AB/CD had higher egg production. Therefore, variations identified within the MC4R and POU1F1genes are suitable for future use in identifying chickens with the genetic potential of higher body weight and reproductive traits, at least in the population of Langshan chickens.
We investigated the polymorphisms of bovine cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcripts (CART ). The coding and regulating regions of CART were screened in 7 cattle breeds by the single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique. The four loci (C1,C2, C3 and C4) studied were all polymorphic. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products representing different SSCP variants were sequenced and a total of 9 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found. The associations between polymorphic loci and the growth traits of Nanyang cattle were analysed. The results indicated that genotype A1A1 of the C1 locus was associated with a higher body weight (P less than 0.05) than heterozygous A1B1. Genotype A2A2 of the C2 locus was associated with lower body weight and average daily weight gain (P < or = 0.001) than heterozygous A2B2. C3 and C4 loci had no significant effect on Nanyang cattle growth traits (P > 0.05).
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), a G protein-coupled receptor that binds ghrelin, plays an important role in the central regulation of pituitary growth hormone secretion, food intake, and energy homeostasis. This study analyzed polymorphism of the caprine GHSR gene as a genetic marker candidate for growth traits in goats. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (GU014697:g.165G-->A and GU014697:g.548T-->C) were identified in exon 2 of the caprine GHSR gene by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing methods. Their associations with growth traits were analyzed in 313 Xuhuai goats. The results indicated that GU014697:g.548T-->C had significant effects on growth traits. Body length and body length index were significantly higher in individuals with genotype TT than CC and CT in (P < 0.05). TT individuals also tended to have better performance in other traits, such as body height and chest circumference, although there were no statistical differences (P > 0.05). This suggests that GHSR is a strong candidate gene that affects growth traits in goats.
Stathmin is an inhibitor of microtubule formation, as highly expressed in the lateral nucleus (LA) of the amygdala as well as in the thalamic and cortical structures that send information to the LA about the learned and innate fear. So we assume that STMN1 genetic variation may also affect the physical activity so as to influence the Residual Feed Intake (RFI) of duck. The Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in duck Stathmin gene were screened by sequencing and genotyped by restriction endonuclease Msp I, EcoR I, Xho I, Taq I, EcoR II. A total of five SNPs (c.187 -15G > A, c.187 -110T > C, c.379 -95G > A, c.379 -318C > T, c.426 C > T) were detected in duck STMN1 gene. The c.187 -15G > A is near the 3' splice site of intron 2, which has a putative effect on the STMN1 pre-mRNA secondary structures. The c.187 -15G > A genotypes had significant effect on RFI of Peking drakes (P < 0.01). Individuals with heterozygous genotypes were more productive than that with homozygous genotypes, which suggested a molecular heterosis in c.187 -15 alleles on RFI. The current study is the first step to confirm the relationship between STMN1 gene polymorphisms and RFI. Supplemental material is available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Animal Biotechnology for a figure of linkage disequilibrium between SNPs and table about frequencies of haploype.
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