Diagnosis of caries lesions consists of visual/tactile methods following the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and radiographic methods (BW), however these methods have limitations for detecting caries at different depths and locations and is usually influenced by the examiner’s experience. New technologies have emerged to improve caries diagnosis methods, among these are methods that use optical principles to quantify differences between healthy and demineralized tissues, for example: quantitative light- -induced fluorescence (QLF), the “DIAGNOdent” caries detection pen, and VistaProof (fluorescence camera). This literature review aims to provide up-to-date information on the applicability of fluorescence-based methods in the diagnosis of caries. The results show that DIAGNOdent pen was the most effective method for diagnosing caries, wherein some authors indicate that it can be used as the only diagnostic method, but most recommend using it as a complementary method to ICDAS and BW. LFpen must be used in association with ICDAS and 2 articles indicate near-infrared light transillumination (NILT) as a substitute for BW, however there is still a need for further studies to reach a concrete decision. In conclusion, digital methods for the diagnosis of caries are efficient, but they do not replace visual/tactile methods and bitewing radiographs. Therefore, they should be used as a complementary diagnostic method to those already known and widely used and studied.

This case report describes a digital workflow used for three main purposes: to predict the volume of particulate grafting material required to perform alveolar ridge preservation; to conduct subsequent virtual implant planning; and to digitally design the respective implant-supported crown. The volume of equine-derived bone grafting material required for filling the alveolar socket is digitally estimated in cubic millimeters from cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) data using a specific software tool for volume measurements. Digital crown design from an intraoral scan allows for milling the definitive implant-supported crown. For this purpose, a scan body can be used and even slightly trimmed externally to avoid excessive proximity with an adjacent rotated tooth.

| Background: Peripheral Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can be applied to identify low bone mineral density (BMD) patients, however, DXA is not sufficiently available in many countries. Thus, the use of simpler and cheaper screening tools than DXA to detect low BMD become indispensable. Objectives: The objective of this study was to correlate São Paulo osteoporosis risk index (Sapori) and mandibular cortical index (MCI) screening tools with the femur DXA results of patients in our sample of Brazilian women. A secondary objective was to assess which of these screening tools better correlates with the results of the Frax tool. Material and Methods: Exams of women who had undergone panoramic radiographic examination at the beginning of dental treatment and peripheral DXA for screening osteoporosis from 2010 to 2014 were included. The MCI was evaluated, and Sapori and Frax were calculated with their available online software tools. Spearman correlation was performed to analyse the level of correlation between femur T-scores (and MCI and Sapori values, as well to perform the level of correlation between Frax and MCI and Sapori values. Results: The spearman correlation comparing the numerical T-score values and the categorical values of MCI (rs=-0.274), and of Sapori (rs=-0.470), showed a statistically significant inverse correlation for both equations (p<0.01). The Spearman equation comparing the values obtained with Frax and MCI did not show a statistically signifcant correlation (p>0.01). But the equation comparing the values obtained with Frax and Sapori showed a positive, moderate and statistically significant correlation between them (rs=0.460). Conclusion: MCI is not a reliable screening tool to identify women with low BMD or Osteoporosis, whereas more optimistic results were observed for the Sapori.

Gardner syndrome (GS) is a genetic disease with high penetrance characterized by a signal triad of colonic polyposis, multiple osteomas and mesenchymal tumors in the soft tissues and skin. The colonic polyposis is associated to the development of malignant disease. Patients also may present maxillomandibular alterations such as impacted teeth, supernumerary teeth, congenital missing teeth and odontomas. Bone lesions and maxillomandibular alterations usually precedes the gastrointestinal alterations; hence dentists should be aware of GS syndrome main radiographic signals  , in order to detect the disease and proper referred the patient to medical treatment and surveillance. Thus, in this report, it is demonstrated a case of GS in a male patient, as well as discussed GS features.

Iida CH. Functional assessment of major salivary glands using scintigraphy imaging technique [dissertation].