SrRuO3 thin films are grown under reduced oxygen pressures between 10-6 Torr and 100 mTorr by pulsed laser deposition. The thin films grown at temperatures above 640° C and at a pressure of 10-6 Torr are characterized in terms of the lattice shrinkage due to oxygen deficiency. The resistivity increases and the temperature dependence changes to semiconductive from metallic as the oxygen pressure during growth is decreased. The Hall coefficient of the film grown at 740° C and at a pressure of 10-6 Torr is thirty times higher at low temperatures than at room temperature. The transport properties of the film are thought to result from the high carrier concentration but the low mobility due to the oxygen deficiency.
The gamma-ray blazar 1611+343 was observed with polarization VLBI mode at 5 GHz in February 1999. The total intensity (I) VLBI image of the source shows a core-jet structure. The jet bends eastward at ∼ 3 mas south of the core. Four components have been detected from results of fitting, with apparent speeds estimated at 6.7 ± 0.7, 2.5 ± 0.3, 4.5 ± 0.5 h −1 c for three jet components (taking H 0 = 100 h km s −1 Mpc −1 , q 0 = 0.5). The polarization (P ) VLBI image of 1611+343 displays the polarized configuration in the jet. The mechanism of the curved jet is discussed.
Multilayer films consisting of retinal, retinoic acid, and retinol were fabricated using the Langmuir-Blodgett method. It was found for the first time that these three materials in Langmuir-Blodgett films exhibit different photovoltaic characteristics. To study this difference of photovoltaic characteristics, the surface pressure vs area isotherms of these materials were measured and the dipole moment of the materials were calculated.
Based on the recently introduced orthonormal Hermite-Gaussian-type modes, a general class of sets of non-orthonormal Gaussian-type modes is introduced, along with their associated bi-orthonormal partner sets. The conditions between these two bi-orthonormal sets of modes have been derived, expressed in terms of their generating functions, and the relations with Wünsche's Hermite twodimensional functions and the two-variable Hermite polynomials have been established. A closed-form expression for Gaussian-type modes is derived from their derivative and recurrence relations, which result from the generating function. It is shown that the evolution of non-orthonormal Gaussian-type modes under linear canonical transformations can be described by the same mechanism as used for the evolution of orthonormal Hermite-Gaussian-type modes, when, simultaneously, the associated bio-orthonormal modes are taken into account.
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