Natural substances are potential compounds for green
electronic
devices. So, scientists have to explore and optimize their properties
to insert them as active layers in electronic heterostructures. In
this study, microstructural, optical, and electrical properties of
thin layers of the propolis are investigated. Propolis is a biological
organic bioactive material produced by honeybees. A stable, bioactive,
green, and low-cost thin layer of this biocompatible material was
deposited on different substrates using a propolis alcohol solution.
The morphological studies show that the propolis thin film is dense
and well covers the substrate surfaces. Transmittance spectra show
that propolis film cuts off blue and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which
are responsible for food oxidation, nutrient losses, flavor degradation,
and discoloration. Therefore, to prevent food deterioration, a propolis
film can be used in food packaging. For red and near-infrared radiation
(∼600–2700 nm), a propolis film is transparent. Between
near-infrared and mid-infrared radiation (∼2700–3200
nm), a propolis film reveals significant photosensitivity and so can
be used as a photosensor. The propolis film reveals an energy gap
of 2.88 eV at room temperature, which enables potential optoelectronic
applications in the UV and blue ranges. The electrical study shows
that the propolis layer has semiconductor behavior and can be a potential
active layer in biocompatible temperature sensors. In addition to
its medical, pharmaceutical, and food industry applications, in light
of this study, propolis presents amazing optical and electrical properties
and is a promising candidate for food packaging, optoelectronics,
transparent electronics, and bioelectronics.