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not by increased levels of LDL-C have been associated with HAART (1). Insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus are glucose metabolism disorders also reported in persons with HIV infection with and without HAART (2). The exact etiologic mechanisms for development of these disorders are still uncertain because not all of the patients exposed to the same HAART regimens are similarly affected. Alterations in acute phase response proteins in response to acute or chronic inflammation and

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Background: Although an increasing access to ART in sub-Saharan Africa has made it possible for HIV/AIDS patients to live longer, clinicians managing such patients are faced with the challenge of drug-related metabolic complications. Methods: A cross -sectional study was carried out at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, on three groups of participants; namely HIV patients on ART, ART-naïve patients and HIV negative subjects (n =75). Demographic and anthropometric data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire while biochemical parameters were measured using colorimetric methods. Results: The highest prevalence of MS was associated with the HIV/AIDS patients on ART (i.e. 32.0 %, and 50.3% for NCEP-ATP III and IDF criteria respectively). Patients on ART had significant increases (p< 0.05) in waist to hip ratio, FPG, serum TG and LDL-c; and a significantly higher (p< 0.05) prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, low HDL-c and hypertriglyceridaemia compared to the ART-naïve patients. Low serum HDL-c was the most prevalent form of dyslipidaemia in allthree groups and the most prevalent component of MS in HIV patients. Conclusion: ART increases the risk of MS and CVD. HIV/AIDS patients on ART should be advised on lifestyle modifications and undertake regular assessment of their cardiovascular risk factors. Keywords: HIV/AIDS patients; antiretroviral therapy; ART-Naïve patients; Calabar Teaching Hospital; Calabar; Nigeria.