Nutritional Indices and Cardiovascular Risks Factors in HIV Infection in Southern Nigeria

Nsonwu-Anyanwu, Augusta Chinyere; Egbe, Edmund Richard; Agu, Chidozie Elochukwu; Offor, Sunday Jeremiah; Usoro, Chinyere Adanna Opara; Essien, Isaac Asuquo; Okon, Clementina Arit

doi:10.5455/jicm.22.253019

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Findings from this study revealed that total cholesterol; LDL-C and TG were significantly higher in the HIV- infected study group compared to the uninfected control group. This is in line with the study of Nsonwu et al [51], who also reported similar findings. Dyslipidaemia in HIV-infected individuals has been attributed to elevated apolipoprotein levels, increased hepatic synthesis of TG and VLDL-C, decreased clearance of TG, acute-phase proteins, and to the effects of viral infection itself.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Among HIV-infected participants in this study, the levels of HDL-C were significantly lower compared to un-infected control group. These findings are consistent with the report of Nsonwu et al [51], who reported that lower levels of HDL among HIV-infected individuals on ART compared to uninfected controls. Lower HDL-C levels may result from HIV infection and/or thrombotic activity, a mediator of endothelial injury and thrombogenesis, or both.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence and associated risk factors of peripheral artery disease in virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy in Kwara state, Nigeria: a cross sectional study

Agu¹,

Uchendu

Nsonwu

et al. 2019

BMC Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The association between HIV and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported in several studies. However, there is paucity of information on the prevalence of subclinical disease as well as its associated risk factors in sub-Saharan African population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of peripheral artery disease (PAD) among virologically suppressed HIV-infected participants in Kwara State, Nigeria. Methods This study was conducted between July 2018 and December 2018. A total of 150 HIV-infected participants aged between 20 and 55 years and 50 HIV non-infected age-matched controls were randomly recruited in the study. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and clinical data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire. Ankle brachial index (ABI) was measured, PAD was defined as ABI of < 0.9. Cryopreserved serum was used to evaluate lipid profile parameters. Student’s t-test and Chi-square were used to compare continuous and categorical variables. Associations of CVD risk factors and clinical data, and lipid profile with low ABI were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results The study participants had a mean age of 43.73 ± 8.74, majority were females (72.7%) with a mean duration on ART of 7.73 ± 3.52 years. Hypertension was present in 15.9%, diabetes 4%, family history of CVD 8.6% and metabolic syndrome 17.3% in the study group. The study participants recorded significantly lower mean values for ABI, HDL-C and significantly higher mean values of TG ( P < 0.05) compared to the control group. The prevalence of low ABI (14.6%) was higher in the study group compared to the control group (2%). A significantly negative correlation between ABI and duration on ART ( r = − 0.163, P = 0.041) and a positive correlation between viral load and TG were observed in the study group. TC (OR 1.784, P = 0.011), LDL-C (OR 1.824, P = 0.010) and CD4 cell count < 200 cells/mm 3 (OR 2.635, P = 0.364) were associated with low ABI in the participants. Conclusion Viral suppression with combined antiretroviral therapy and long term treatment is associated with dyslipidaemia, with increased risk of PAD. Prevalence of PAD in virologically-suppressed individuals does not differ from the controls in the population studied. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7496-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence and associated risk factors of peripheral artery disease in virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy in Kwara state, Nigeria: a cross sectional study

Agu¹,

Uchendu

Nsonwu

et al. 2019

BMC Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This finding is consistent with older reports. 17 , 37 This finding is reinforced by the progressive increase in CD4 + T-cell count as years of treatment increase. The hallmark of HIV infection and subsequently AIDS pathogenesis is a progressive depletion of CD4 + T-cell populations in close association with progressive impairment of cellular immunity and increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This observation is in agreement with previous reports. 16 , 17 This finding may be attributed to high demand in zinc because HIV nucleocapsid and integrase proteins that are essential for assembly of infectious virions contain zinc fingers that require zinc for normal structure and functioning. 18 , 19 , 20 Zinc deficiency is associated with impaired immune function 21 , 22 and an increased susceptibility to infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc, copper, CD4 T-cell count and some hematological parameters of HIV-infected subjects in Southern Nigeria

Asemota

Okafor

Okoroiwu

et al. 2018

Integrative Medicine Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundLow concentration of trace elements has been associated with poor prognosis and mortality in HIV infection.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted among 100 HIV-infected subjects (70 were on ART treatment, while 30 were ART naïve). Fifty (50) apparently healthy controls were enrolled. Concentration of serum levels of zinc and copper was done using atomic absorption spectrometric method, while complete blood count was determined using automated blood analyzer. CD4+ T-cell count was done using cyflow cytometer.Aim and settingThe aim of this study was to investigate the level of some trace elements and some hematological parameters of HIV-seropositive subjects attending University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Clinic as well as prevalence of trace elements deficiency and anemic status and compare same with HIV-seronegative control.ResultsMean serum zinc, CD4+ T-cell count, Hb, PCV, RBC, MXD, were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the HIV-infected subjects, while copper/zinc ratio, MCV, MCH and platelet count were significantly (p < 0.05) raised in the HIV-infected subjects. The serum Cu level was comparable (p > 0.05) with the control. ART treatment had no effect on all the parameters assessed except CD4+ T-cell count. Twenty five percent (25%), 3% and 56% of the HIV-infected subjects were zinc deficient, copper deficient and anemic, respectively. Gender was found as a predictor of zinc deficiency. Copper and zinc showed weak positive correlation with CD4+ T-cell count.ConclusionART treatment did not complement zinc status in HIV infection while improving CD4+ T-cell count, hence the need to consider supplementation.

show abstract

“…This observation is in consonance with previous findings. Depletion of CD4 + T-cell in HIV infection has been well documented [37, 44, 45]. The central event in HIV infection is destruction of CD4 + T-cells leading to a compromised immune system [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and some hematological parameters of HIV-seropositive subjects attending clinic in University of Calabar teaching hospital, Calabar, Nigeria

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundDespite the numerous intervention programmes, HIV still remains a public health concern with a high impact in Sub-Saharan Africa region. Oxidative stress has been documented in HIV subjects as viral infection promotes prolonged activation of immune system, hence, production of increased reactive oxygen species.MethodsWe studied 180 subjects. Of these, 60 were HIV-infected on antiretroviral therapy (ART), 40 were ART naïve HIV-infected and 80 were apparent healthy non HIV-infected subjects. The complete blood count was performed by automated hemoanalyzer, the CD4+ T-cell count was performed by cyflow cytometer, while the antioxidant assay was performed using ELISA technique.ResultAll evaluated parameters; glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), CD4+ T-cell count, haemoglobin (Hb), total white blood cell count (WBC) and platelet count were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the HIV-infected subjects. All assessed parameters were found to be significantly (P < 0.5) reduced in the HIV-infected subjects that are ART naive when compared with those on ART. HIV-infected subjects with CD4+ T-cell count < 200 cells/mm3 had significantly (P < 0.05) reduced values in all assessed parameters when compared to those with CD4+ T-cell count ≥200 cells/mm3. GSH and WBC were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the female HIV-infected subjects when compared with the male counterpart. Anemia prevalence of 74 and 33% were recorded for the HIV-infected and control subjects, respectively. Gender and ART treatment were found to be associated with anemia in HIV. Male HIV-infected subjects on ART were found to be more likely to have anemia.ConclusionAntioxidants; GSH and GPX were found to be significantly reduced in HIV infection. Further probe showed that the antioxidant status was improved in the HIV-infected group on ART.

show abstract

Nutritional Indices and Cardiovascular Risks Factors in HIV Infection in Southern Nigeria

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence and associated risk factors of peripheral artery disease in virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy in Kwara state, Nigeria: a cross sectional study

Prevalence and associated risk factors of peripheral artery disease in virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy in Kwara state, Nigeria: a cross sectional study

Zinc, copper, CD4 T-cell count and some hematological parameters of HIV-infected subjects in Southern Nigeria

Glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and some hematological parameters of HIV-seropositive subjects attending clinic in University of Calabar teaching hospital, Calabar, Nigeria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About