Metabolic syndrome and its components among HIV/AIDS patients on Antiretroviral Therapy and ART-Naïve Patients at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Although an increasing access to ART in sub-Saharan Africa has made it possible for HIV/AIDS patients to live longer, clinicians managing such patients are faced with the challenge of drug-related metabolic complications.
 Methods: A cross -sectional study was carried out at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, on three groups of participants; namely HIV patients on ART, ART-naïve patients and HIV negative subjects (n =75). Demographic and anthropometric data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire while biochemical parameters were measured using colorimetric methods.
 Results: The highest prevalence of MS was associated with the HIV/AIDS patients on ART (i.e. 32.0 %, and 50.3% for NCEP-ATP III and IDF criteria respectively). Patients on ART had significant increases (p< 0.05) in waist to hip ratio, FPG, serum TG and LDL-c; and a significantly higher (p< 0.05) prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, low HDL-c and hypertriglyceridaemia compared to the ART-naïve patients. Low serum HDL-c was the most prevalent form of dyslipidaemia in allthree groups and the most prevalent component of MS in HIV patients.
 Conclusion: ART increases the risk of MS and CVD. HIV/AIDS patients on ART should be advised on lifestyle modifications and undertake regular assessment of their cardiovascular risk factors.
 Keywords: HIV/AIDS patients; antiretroviral therapy; ART-Naïve patients; Calabar Teaching Hospital; Calabar; Nigeria.

Enfermedades cardiovasculares y metabólicas en pacientes infectados por el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana: Epidemiología y diagnóstico.

“…Osoti y col (Osoti et al, 2018) sustentan a la obesidad central, circunferencia de cintura, hipertrigliceridemia, colesterol HDL bajo, hipertensión, como indicadores para determinar el padecimiento de desórdenes metabólicos, estos parámetros aumentaron significativamente en las mujeres con VIH. En el caso de Ojong y col. (Ojong et al, 2022) mencionan que la obesidad abdominal, hipertensión arterial, niveles de glucosa, son mediciones que contribuyen en el diagnostico de enfermedades metabólicas.…”

Relationship of handgrip strength with health indicators of people living with HIV in west Pará, Brazil

“…This is because some antiretrovirals alter the metabolism of patients, favoring the appearance of dyslipidemia, enhancing the accumulation of body fat, and increasing cardiovascular risk. 32,33 These alterations are known to have a negative impact on lean mass and, consequently, on muscle strength. 18,34 In the present study, two pathways related to the understanding of HGS with body composition were verified: the first shows that the greater the lean mass, the greater the HGS; the second points to an inversely proportional principle, in which the greater the values of BMI, abdominal circumference, sum of skinfolds, percentage of fat, and fat mass, the lower the HGS.…”

“…This is because some antiretrovirals alter the metabolism of patients, favoring the appearance of dyslipidemia, enhancing the accumulation of body fat, and increasing cardiovascular risk. 32,33 These alterations are known to have a negative impact on lean mass and, consequently, on muscle strength. 18,34…”

Sexual reproductive health, NCDs and infectious diseases

“…We have a major section on infectious diseases and these are dominated by HIV 49 – 55 and other infections such as hepatitis B, tuberculosis, bacterial infections, Covid-19 and others 56 – 69 .…”

“…We touch on metabolic disorders and cancer [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] , as well as traditional herbs, genes and trauma [42][43][44][45][46][47][48] . We have a major section on infectious diseases and these are dominated by HIV [49][50][51][52][53][54][55] and other infections such as hepatitis B, tuberculosis, bacterial infections, Covid-19 and others [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] . The rest of the first issue of this 22 nd volume of African Health Sciences ranges from disability, surgery, to haematology and training [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79] .…”