Purpose. The clinical behavior of unicystic ameloblastoma varies according to its subtype. The assessment of its proliferative capacity, neovascularization, and invasiveness using relevant immunomarkers may aid in appropriate surgical therapeutic protocol. Methods. 18 cases of clinically and histologically confirmed unicystic ameloblastoma, categorized as luminal, intraluminal, or mural subtypes, were analyzed retrospectively. Immunomarkers such as Ki-67, CD34, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were studied to evaluate their behavior. Results. Labeling index of Ki-67 was 4.25% in the intraluminal subtype, compared with 2.14% in the luminal and 4.04% in the mural variant (P = 0.3). CD34 immunostaining was significantly higher in the mural variant (43 per high power field) than the other two subtypes (P = 0.04). MMP-2 and MMP-9 were strongly expressed in mural, moderately in intraluminal, and weakly to absent in luminal variant. Conclusions. High proliferative index, angiogenesis, and protease activity in the mural ameloblastoma, ascertained by the expression of these markers, confirm its aggressive phenotype. The intraluminal and luminal subtype exhibiting decreased expression are compatible with their indolent clinical behavior.
ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of odontogenic cysts and tumors along with age range, sex distribution, site of presentation and also to identify the most common type of odontogenic cyst and tumor among the population of coastal Karnataka over a 10-year period.MethodsData was collected from patient records and histologically diagnosed cases of odontogenic cysts and tumors. The age, gender of patients, as well as the site of lesion was recorded.ResultsA total of 167 cases were retrieved. Among them, 125 cases were diagnosed as odontogenic cysts and 42 cases were odontogenic tumors. Radicular cyst was the most frequently diagnosed cyst and unicystic ameloblastoma was the most frequently diagnosed tumor. A strong predilection for males was observed for both the odontogenic cysts and odontogenic tumors. Odontogenic cysts were more commonly seen in individuals in the age range 21–41 years, while odontogenic tumors were frequently seen in individuals in the age range 1–20 years.ConclusionThis study provides an epidemiological profile of odontogenic cysts and odontogenic tumors among a rural population of coastal Karnataka. There is a notable variation in demographic profile of odontogenic cysts and odontogenic tumors in this population when compared with other populations.
Reduced and cytoplasmic localization of β-catenin could indicate lack of differentiation, invasive potential, and aggressive behavior in malignant salivary gland tumors. Furthermore, change in expression based on the arrangement of tumor cells may suggest that β-catenin may have a role in morphological variations seen in PAs.
About 20% of the world's population uses some form of betel nut, which suggests that the incidence of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is higher than current estimates. OSF has the potential to undergo malignant transformation; thus, there is a need to identify relevant markers to assess its aggressiveness. We evaluated changes in COX-2, p53, and MDM2 expressions in progressive OSF. Expressions of COX-2, p53, and MDM2 increased with OSF progression. There was a strong association between COX-2 overexpression and recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.001) and a positive relation between increased MDM2 expression and failure of radiotherapy (P = 0.007). These findings suggest that COX-2 is an important marker of disease progression and that MDM2 expression is useful for treatment planning. (J Oral Sci 57, [169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176] 2015)
Exosomes are a unique type of extracellular vesicles that contain a plethora of biological cargo such as miRNA, mRNA, long non-coding RNA, DNA, proteins and lipids. Exosomes serve as very effective means of intercellular communication. Due the presence of a lipid bilayer membrane, exosomes are resistant to degradation and are highly stable. This makes them easily identifiable in blood and other bodily fluids such as saliva. The exosomes that are secreted from a parent cell directly release their contents into the cytoplasm of a recipient cell and influence their cellular activity and function. Exosomes can also transfer their content between cancer cells and normal cells and regulate the tumor microenvironment. Exosomes play a vital role in tumor growth, tumor invasion and metastasis. Exosomes provide a multitude of molecular and genetic information and have become valuable indicators of disease activity at the cellular level. This review explores the molecular characteristics of exosomes and the role that exosomes play in the tumorigenesis pathway of potentially malignant oral lesions and head and neck cancers The application of exosomes in the treatment of oral cancers is also envisioned. Exosomes are very small and can easily pass through various biological barriers, making them very good delivery vectors for therapeutic drugs as well as to selectively induce DNA’s mRNA and miRNAs into targeted cancer cells.
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