Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, occurring due to abnormal insulin secretion or insulin action. Alloxan induces diabetes by damaging pancreatic cells and initiating hyperglycemia. One of the plants that has the potential to decrease blood sugar is leaves of sikkam (Bischofia javanica), because it contains quercetin and gallic acid compounds which are classified as an antioxidant group. The objectives of this study were (1) to analyze the effect of sikkam leaf extract on the reduction in blood sugar levels of Wistar rats and improved the histology of langerhans islet and (2) determine the dose of sikkam leaf extract which has the most effective effect in reducing rat blood sugar levels. The design used is a non factorial complete random design. The samples used were 30 Wistar rats which were divided into 6 treatment groups and 5 repetitions, namely K0 (negative control), K1 (positive control), K2 (dose of ethanol extract of sikkam leaf (EESL) 300 mg/Kg BW), K3 (EESL 600 mg/kg BW), and K4 (EESL treatment 900 mg/kg kg) and K5 (Glibenclamid 4.5 mg). Data analysis used One-way ANOVA followed by LSD test. The results showed that there was an EESL effect on the reduction in rat blood sugar levels and improved the histology of Langerhans islet. EESL which has the best antidiabetic effect is on administering a dose of 900 mg/kg BW.
A common plant from Papua, Indonesia, called Phaleria macrocarpa (mahkota dewa), has potent therapeutic components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity level of nanoherbal mahkota dewa and its effect on the changes in hematology, biochemistry, electrolytes, and histopathology of the organ. High Energy Milling (HEM) was used to produce nanoherbal mahkota dewa. LD50 was determined in three stages: dose orientation test (12 mice), preliminary test (20 mice), and LD50 determination (30 mice) for 14 days using the Thomson Weil formula. LC50 was determined using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method with concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 1000, and 10,000 ppm. This study revealed that the LD50 value was 1g/kg BW 0,075 and the LC50 value was 2145,0407 ppm. The nanoherbal mahkota dewa affected the histological organs, hematological, biochemical, and electrolyte parameters but did not affect the weight of the organ significantly. From this study, it can be concluded that nanoherbal mahkota dewa belongs to the category of moderate toxicity. In a proper dose, it could be processed as an herbal medicine in the future.
Extracts of Phaleria macrocarpa have been used for years in traditional medicine and have been evaluated scientifically as well. This study aimed to evaluate the chronic toxicity level of nano herbal Phaleria macrocarpa and its effect on the changes in hematology, biochemistry, electrolytes, and organ histopathology. High Energy Milling (HEM) produced nano herbal Phaleria macrocarpa. By giving nano herbal Phaleria macrocarpa at doses of 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg BW for 56 days, the mice’s blood was collected for the hematological and electrolyte parameters. The kidney and liver were assessed for biochemical parameters. As a result, the nano herbal Phaleria macrocarpa affected the histopathological organs, hematological, biochemical, and electrolyte parameters at an appropriate dose of 300–600 mg/kg BW. The maximum period of the administration this herbal medicine is one month. Therefore, with the correct dose and period of administration, this plant can be used as herbal medicine in the future.
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