This paper presents 77-GHz CMOS radar transmitter and receiver chips equipped with monopole feeders for use in frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar systems. The on-chip monopole feeder can feed not only the aperture of waveguides but also the slots on planar circuits by simply attaching the chips to a printed circuit board using a low-cost non-conductive epoxy. With the aid of a high ratio multiplier and the proposed on-chip feeder, a radar system can easily be integrated without needing to use precise and expensive millimeter-wave packaging technologies. In order to experimentally confirm this, the chips integrated with waveguides are first measured and a full radar system integrated on the planar circuit is evaluated using the microstrip patch antennas. Finally, with the benefit of compact integration technology, the design of a five-channel 3-D environmental sensing radar for small-unmanned aerial vehicles is presented. INDEX TERMS Radar, CMOS, frequency multiplier, millimeter-wave (mm-wave) packaging, on-chip feeder.
A W-band frequency generation for FMCW radar application is presented. It cascades a ring based five-push multiplier and a push-push injection-locked oscillator for 10 times multiplication with a two stage power amplifier. The chip is fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology and its size including ESD-protected pads is . Phase noise of the output signal is 110 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset using the 7.8 GHz reference frequency with the phase noise of 132 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The output power of the complete circuit is larger than 8.8 dBm for the entire output locking range, and -push technique enables unwanted spur suppression larger than 59 dBc. The total power consumption is 265 mW.
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