A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, yellow-pigment-producing bacterium, (designated strain CC-CZW004 T ), was isolated from seafood samples (sea urchins) at Penghu Island in Taiwan. Strain CC-CZW004 T grew optimally at pH 7.0 and 30 8C in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes revealed a distinct taxonomic position attained by strain CC-CZW004 T with respect to other members of the genus Nocardioides. The novel strain shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Nocardioides daejeonensis JCM 16922 T (96.4 %), Nocardioides pacificus JCM 19260 T (96.3 %), and Marmoricola scoriae JCM 17444 T (96.2 %). The major fatty acids of strain CC-CZW004 T consisted of C 17:0 , C 16:1 v5c, C 17:1 v8c', iso-C 16:0 and C 19:1 v11c/C 19:1 v9c (summed feature 6). The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall was LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. The polar lipid profile was composed of major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 73.3 mol%. The predominant quinone system was menaquinone . On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidences presented here, strain CC-CZW004 T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides echinoideorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-CZW004 T (5BCRC 16974 T 5JCM 30276 T ).The genus Nocardioides, which is the type genus of the family Nocardioidaceae, was first proposed by Prauser (1976) with type species Nocardioides albus. Species of the genus Nocardioides are represented by aerobic, Gram-stain-positive rods, with high DNA G+C content (68.7-74.9 mol%). The major respiratory quinone is menaquinone MK-8(H 4 ) and LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid is the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. The fatty acid profile contains both branched-and straight-chain fatty acids (O'Donnell et al., 1982), and iso-C 16:0 as the dominant fatty acid. At the time of writing, there are 73 species of the genus Nocardioides with validly published names, according to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN; http://www.bacterio.net/nocardioides.html) website. These species are widely distributed in various terrestrial and aquatic environments, including marine sediment, and may be associated with plants, animals and humans (Yi & Chun, 2004a, b;Dastager et al., 2009;Evtushenko et al., 2012). Recently described species of the genus Nocardioides include Nocardioides zeae (Glaeser et al., 2014), Nocardioides pacificus (Fan et al., 2014), Nocardioides soli (Sun et al., 2014), Nocardioides nanhaiensis and Nocardioides opuntiae (Lee & Seong, 2014), which were isolated from the stem of Zea mays, deep sub-seafloor sediment, soil, marine sediment and soil of cactus, respectively.In this study, another Nocardioides strain was isolated from seafood samples (sea urchins) collected at Penghu Island (238 359 N 1198 359 E) in Taiwan, and was characterized taxonomically. Sea urchin shells were introduced into sterile wa...
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, yellow-pigment-producing bacterium (designated strain CC-CZW007 T ) was isolated from seafood samples (sea urchins) at Penghu Island in Taiwan. Strain CC-CZW007 T grew optimally at pH 7.0 and 30 8C in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl. The novel strain shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Vitellibacter vladivostokensis JCM 11732 T (96.8 %), Vitellibacter soesokkakensis KCTC 32536 T (96.4 %), Vitellibacter nionensis KCTC 32420 T (95.8 %) and Vitellibacter aestuarii JCM 15496 T (95.6 %) and lower sequence similarity to members of other genera. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes revealed a distinct taxonomic position attained by strain CC-CZW007 T with respect to other species of the genus Vitellibacter. The major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipid profile was composed of major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified lipids and aminolipids; a moderate amount of aminophospholipid was also detected. The DNA G+C content was 34.7 mol%. The predominant quinone system was menaquinone (MK-6). On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidence presented here, strain CC-CZW007 T is proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Vitellibacter, for which the name Vitellibacter echinoideorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-CZW007 T (5BCRC 80886 T 5JCM 30378 T ).The genus Vitellibacter is a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae and was proposed by Nedashkovskaya et al. (2003) with type species Vitellibacter vladivostokensis. The species in the genus Vitellibacter represent strictly aerobic, flexirubin-producing, Gram-stain-negative rods with low DNA G+C content (38.9-48.7 mol%). Cells require Na + for growth and are chemo-organotrophic. The major respiratory quinone is menaquinone MK-6. The fatty acid profiles contain iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH as the dominant fatty acid. According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN, http://www.bacterio.net/ index.html), there are three species with validly published names within the genus Vitellibacter. Recently, another novel strain, Vitellibacter nionensis VBW088 T , was isolated from a shallow water hydrothermal vent and described by Rajasabapathy et al. (2015).In this study, another strain representing the genus Vitellibacter was isolated from sea urchins collected at Penghu Island (238 359 N 1198 359 E) in Taiwan and characterized taxonomically. Sea urchin shells were introduced into sterile water and shaken at room temperature for 30 min. Each serially diluted (10-fold dilutions) sample (100 ml) was spread on marine agar (MA; Difco) and incubated for 3 days at 30 8C. A presumably novel strain (defined as strain CC-CZW007 T ) was purified and preserved at 280 8C as a glycerol suspension for further characterization. For taxonomic purposes, Vitellibacter soesokkakensis KCTC 32536 T (Park et al., 2014), Vitellibacter aestuarii JCM 15496 T (Kim et al., 2010) and Vitellibacter vladivostokensis JCM 11732 T (Nedashkovskaya et al...
A polyphasic approach was used to characterize an aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium (designated strain CC-KL-3) isolated from a hot spring. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes indicated that strain CC-KL-3 showed highest sequence similarity to Hydrogenophaga bisanensis (97.7 %) and Hydrogenophaga atypica (97.6 %) and lower sequence similarity to other species (less than 97.6 %). The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CC-KL-3, H. bisanensis and H. atypica were estimated to be 13.0 and 8.7 % (the reciprocal value was 14.7 and 6.3 %). Strain CC-KL-3 was non-motile, without apparent flagella and able to grow between 15-42 °C (optimal 30 °С), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimal 7.0) and 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimal 0 %). The DNA G+C content was 61.4 mol% and the major quinone system was ubiquinone (Q-8). The polyamine profile revealed the predominance of 2-hydroxyputrescine and putrescine and the dominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 (28.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c (41.4 %) and C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c (11.9 %). These data corroborated the affiliation of strain CC-KL-3 to the genus Hydrogenophaga. Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits, and the results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-KL-3 is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Hydrogenophaga, affiliated to the family Comamonadaceae, for which the name Hydrogenophaga aquatica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-KL-3 (=BCRC 80937=JCM 31216).
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, flexirubin-producing bacterium, designated strain CC-CZW010 T , was isolated from the edible sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla in Penghu Island, Taiwan. The isolate grew optimally at pH 7.0 and 30 8C in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Chryseobacterium taihuense NBRC 108747 T (97.6 %) and Chryseobacterium aquaticum KCTC 12483 T (96.7 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a distinct taxonomic position attained by strain CC-CZW010 T with respect to other species of the genus Chryseobacterium. Strain CC-CZW010 T possessed iso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (comprising C 16 : 1 v7c/C 16 : 1 v6c) and summed feature 9 (comprising C 16 : 0 10-methyl/iso-C 17 : 1 v9c) as predominant fatty acids. The major polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified lipids and five aminolipids. The polyamine pattern contained the major compound sym-homospermidine. Menaquinone 6 (MK-6) was the predominant respiratory quinone, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.4 mol%. According to distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CC-CZW010 T represents a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium, for which the name Chryseobacterium echinoideorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-CZW010 T (5BCRC 80786 T 5JCM 30470 T ).
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