Vitellibacter echinoideorum sp. nov., isolated from a sea urchin (Tripneustes gratilla)

Abstract

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, yellow-pigment-producing bacterium (designated strain CC-CZW007 T ) was isolated from seafood samples (sea urchins) at Penghu Island in Taiwan. Strain CC-CZW007 T grew optimally at pH 7.0 and 30 8C in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl. The novel strain shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Vitellibacter vladivostokensis JCM 11732 T (96.8 %), Vitellibacter soesokkakensis KCTC 32536 T (96.4 %), Vitellibacter nionensis KCTC 32420 T (95.8 %) and Vitellibacter aestuarii JCM 15496 T (95.6 %) and lower sequence similarity to members of other genera. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes revealed a distinct taxonomic position attained by strain CC-CZW007 T with respect to other species of the genus Vitellibacter. The major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipid profile was composed of major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified lipids and aminolipids; a moderate amount of aminophospholipid was also detected. The DNA G+C content was 34.7 mol%. The predominant quinone system was menaquinone (MK-6). On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidence presented here, strain CC-CZW007 T is proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Vitellibacter, for which the name Vitellibacter echinoideorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-CZW007 T (5BCRC 80886 T 5JCM 30378 T ).The genus Vitellibacter is a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae and was proposed by Nedashkovskaya et al. (2003) with type species Vitellibacter vladivostokensis. The species in the genus Vitellibacter represent strictly aerobic, flexirubin-producing, Gram-stain-negative rods with low DNA G+C content (38.9-48.7 mol%). Cells require Na + for growth and are chemo-organotrophic. The major respiratory quinone is menaquinone MK-6. The fatty acid profiles contain iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH as the dominant fatty acid. According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN, http://www.bacterio.net/ index.html), there are three species with validly published names within the genus Vitellibacter. Recently, another novel strain, Vitellibacter nionensis VBW088 T , was isolated from a shallow water hydrothermal vent and described by Rajasabapathy et al. (2015).In this study, another strain representing the genus Vitellibacter was isolated from sea urchins collected at Penghu Island (238 359 N 1198 359 E) in Taiwan and characterized taxonomically. Sea urchin shells were introduced into sterile water and shaken at room temperature for 30 min. Each serially diluted (10-fold dilutions) sample (100 ml) was spread on marine agar (MA; Difco) and incubated for 3 days at 30 8C. A presumably novel strain (defined as strain CC-CZW007 T ) was purified and preserved at 280 8C as a glycerol suspension for further characterization. For taxonomic purposes, Vitellibacter soesokkakensis KCTC 32536 T (Park et al., 2014), Vitellibacter aestuarii JCM 15496 T (Kim et al., 2010) and Vitellibacter vladivostokensis JCM 11732 T (Nedashkovskaya et al...

Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of Bacteroidetes

“…When the genus Vitellibacter was introduced (Nedashkovskaya et al, 2003), type strains from the previously suggested genus Aequorivita (Bowman and Nichols, 2002) were not considered. The phenotypic features reported in the literature (Bowman and Nichols, 2002; Nedashkovskaya et al, 2003; Bowman, 2006; Park et al, 2009, 2014; Kim et al, 2010; Liu et al, 2013; Lin S. Y. et al, 2015; Rajasabapathy et al, 2015) for the species of two genera considerably overlap. The only stable difference is whether the cells are oxidase-positive or negative, but this alone can hardly justify two separate genera.…”

“…The description is the same as for Vitellibacter echinoideorum (Lin S. Y. et al, 2015). The type strain is CC-CZW007 = BCRC 80886 = JCM 30378.…”

Vitellibacter aquimaris sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from seawater

“…The DNA G+C content of the type strain is 40.6 mol%. T (the values of total fatty acids for strains 1-5 were obtained from the present study under similar growth conditions); and 6, V. echinoideorum CC-CZW007 T (data obtained from Lin et al, 2015). TR, Trace (less than 1 %); -, not detected.…”

“…vladivostokensis (Nedashkovskaya et al, 2003), Vitellibacter aestuarii (Kim et al, 2010), Vitellibacter soesokkakensis , Vitellibacter nionensis (Rajasabapathy et al, 2015) and Vitellibacter echinoideorum (Lin et al, 2015) (LPSN, http://www.bacterio.net/index.html). Members of this genus are typically Gram-staining-negative, rodshaped, aerobic bacteria that have been isolated from marine environments, except for strain V. soesokkakensis RSSK-12 T which was isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring.…”

Aequorivita lutea sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the estuarine sediment of the Pearl River in China, and transfer of Vitellibacter todarodis and Vitellibacter aquimaris to the genus Aequorivita as Aequorivita todarodis comb. nov. and Aequorivita aquimaris comb. nov.

“…Additionally, bacteria in the genus of Vitellibacter were recently moved to the genus Aequorivita in 2016 [4]. The proposed names of type species Vitellibacter vladivostokensis KMN 3516 T [5], Vitellibacter aestuarii JC2436 T [6], Vitellibacter soesokkakensis RSSK-12 T [7], Vitellibacter nionensis VBW088 T [8] and Vitellibacter echinoideorum CC-CZW007 T [9], were amended as Aequorivita vladivostokensis KMN 3516 T , Aequorivita aestuarii JC2436 T , Aequorivita soesokkakensis RSSK-12 T , Aequorivita nionensis VBW088 T and Aequorivita echinoideorum CC-CZW007 T , respectively [4]. Two recently identified species in the genus of Vitellibacter, Vitellibacter aquimaris [10] and Vitellibacter todarodis [11], were not classified into the genus Aequorivita, even though they phylogenetically grouped with those type strains being moved to the genus Aequorivita from the genus Vitellibacter.…”