Myoepitheliomas are rare, benign neoplasms affecting predominantly parotid gland and to a lesser extent minor salivary glands. In this article we have reported three cases with different histomorphological patterns. Two cases are from oral cavity and one from sinonasal tract, a very rare location. We have discussed different histomorphological patterns of myoepitheliomas, which at times possesses a real diagnostic dilemma to a pathologist. Along with its morphology, immunohistochemical profile and clinical behavior are discussed in detail with relevant review of literature.

Background:Autoimmune blistering diseases are a group of bullous disorders characterized by pathogenic antibodies directed at the target antigens, which are components of the desmosomes or adhesion complex at the dermoepidermal junction. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) is invaluable in the diagnosis of these lesions.Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of DIF in immunobullous dermatoses and to study the pattern of DIF. The study also aims to correlate DIF with clinical and histologic findings and to analyze discrepancies.Materials and Methods:Total 100 biopsies received over a period of 2 years in the Department of Pathology were analyzed. DIF, histopathology and clinical data were reviewed.Results:Out of 100, 89 cases showed DIF patterns concordant with clinical/histologic diagnosis. The sensitivity of DIF was 94.44% (51/58) in the pemphigus and 84% (21/25) in the bullous pemphigoid (BP) group, 100% each in dermatitis herpetiformis (2/2) and linear IgA disease (1/1). A total of 11 histologically proven cases of immunobullous lesions were DIF negative-four (three of pemphigus vulgaris and one of BP) due to having no epidermis, three (cases of BP) owing to sampling/technical errors and the remaining four (cases of pemphigus vulgaris) due to being on treatment.Conclusion:Immunofluorescence helps confirm the diagnosis of bullous lesions in which there is clinical and the histopathologic overlap. Sampling errors contributed to false negative (FN) results.

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Background:Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease and it is more prevalent in Asians. The incidence of HT seems to be increasing in the recent times. It is one of the most common cause of hypothyroidism. The purpose of this study is to review the cytomorphologic spectrum of HT and correlate it with clinical findings including thyroid function and antibody profile.Materials and Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) features of 52 HT patients. Based on cytomorphologic features patients were categorized into three groups. Clinical findings including thyroid function and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody profile were correlated with cytomorphologic features in all three groups.Results:Majority of the patients were females and in 2nd, 3rd and 4th decades. Diffuse goiter and thyroid hypofunction were the common findings. Significant number of patients had thyroid hyperfunction. Increased lymphocytes on the background and lymphocytic infiltration of thyroid follicular cell clusters in cytology smears were diagnostic of HT. The 32 patients showed elevated titers of TPO antibodies. In the early stages and mild form of the disease, results of thyroid function and anti TPO antibodies are quite variable.Conclusions:HT is a disease of young and middle age and mostly occur in females. Clinical findings alone may not be adequate for definitive diagnosis. FNA is the gold standard for diagnosis. In the presence of abundant colloid, follicular hyperplasia or co-existing neoplasm, careful interpretation of cytology smears should be done. Aspiration from more than one site minimizes the diagnostic pitfalls.

Conclusion: This paper provides a proof of concept for a novel and specifically developed VTGE process that showed first evidence on the undetectable level of FAAAs in nails of breast cancer patients as metabolite biomarkers. Here, the authors propose the potential use of a VTGE-assisted process to achieve metabolomic discovery in nails of breast cancer and other tumor types.

Introduction: Today gastrointestinal (GI) pathology is accepted as one of the largest sub-specialties in pathology. Histopathological evaluation of GI lesions is the gold standard for providing essential diagnostic and prognostic information to clinicians for the best and timely management of each patient. Aims and Objectives:To study the pattern of gastrointestinal non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions and the correlation between age, sex and site distribution of various lesions. Material and Methods:This is a unicentre retrospective and prospective study of 2941 patients with GI lesions over a period of four years from January 2015 to December 2018. Biopsies and resected specimens of gastrointestinal tract were fixed in 10% Formalin. These specimens were then; processed in automatic tissue processor. Routine Hematoxylin and Eosin stain and special stains, including immunohistochemical stains were done; wherever indicated. The slides were examined and the data generated from observations was used for statistical analysis.Results: Out of a total 21831 histopathology specimens received in the four years, over 17 % specimens were GIT lesions. Of the 3738 GI specimens, appendix was the most common specimen received (26.9%) followed by gastric specimens (23.2%) and small intestine specimens (18.9%). Non-neoplastic GI lesions (94.5%) were most common followed by neoplastic lesions (5.5%).Males outnumbered female patients having M: F ratio of 1.2:1. The peak incidence for non-neoplastic lesions was found in the age group of 21-40 years and that for neoplastic lesions found in the age group of 50-70 years. Appendicitis was the most common GI pathology (26.8%) followed by gastritis (21.1%). Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological malignancy (65.4%) followed by Squamous cell carcinoma (26.7%). Most common lesion of the esophagus was squamous cell carcinoma whereas adenocarcinoma was common in the colo-rectum. Conclusion:Apart from an overview of the spectrum of histopathological lesions encountered in the surgical pathology department, this study reiterates that histopathological evaluation is a valuable diagnostic tool for definitive, early diagnosis of GI lesions, which has impact on management of the neoplasia.

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