Restoration of renal function following successful RT is associated with differential effects on the two indices of arterial stiffness. The salient finding of our study is that 3 months after transplantation, functional changes in vasculature lead to a significant reduction in the augmentation index, while the pulse wave velocity may take longer to show an improvement.
Noonan syndrome is characterised by short stature, typical facial dysmorphology and congenital heart defects. Urogenital abnormalities are reported in 10% of the cases. We present a 14-year-old girl with characteristic features of Noonan syndrome and nephrotic-range proteinuria. She had crossed fused ectopic kidneys. Renal biopsy showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Oral steroids were instituted and she responded well. The case highlights this novel renal presentation of Noonan syndrome.
We present a renal allograft recipient 16 months posttransplant with an unusual infectious complication. This gentleman was antihepatitis C virus pretransplant, had a live unrelated transplant, and was taking cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone. He developed diabetes and left scrotal abscess 3 months posttransplant and underwent left orchiectomy. He developed acute right epididymitis progressing to epididymal abscess, septicemia, and acute chronic graft dysfunction. Blood cultures and aspirated pus cultures grew Klebsiella pneumoniae and were treated with intravenous antibiotics, to which he responded. This case highlights an unusual complication in renal transplant and its successful management.
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a rare cause of the nephrotic syndrome in adults and children. Though small focal crescents may be seen in up to 10% of cases of MPGN, the presence of more than 50% crescents (crescentic MPGN) is rare. Very few cases of crescentic transformation of MPGN, documented by subsequent renal biopsies, have been described in the literature. A young female patient underwent kidney biopsy for the nephrotic-nephritic syndrome and was diagnosed as idiopathic MPGN. She was administered immunosuppressive therapy (steroids and cyclophosphamide), with which her renal functions stabilized. Six months later, she presented with features suggestive of rapidly progressive renal failure and underwent a second renal biopsy. The second biopsy showed crescentic glomerulonephritis with immune complex deposition, suggestive of MPGN. A final diagnosis of crescentic transformation of MPGN was made. Crescentic transformation of MPGN is a rare occurrence, but needs to be considered in a patient diagnosed as MPGN and presenting with rapidly progressive renal failure. The cause of such transformation remains to be elucidated.
High cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is observed in predialytic chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The underlying mechanism of cardiovascular dysfunction often remains unclear. The present study was designed to perform multiparametric assessment of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), arterial stiffness indices, and cardiovascular variabilities (heart rate variability [HRV] and blood pressure variability [BPV]) together in predialytic CKD patients; compare it with normal healthy controls; and determine their relationships in predialytic nondiabetic CKD patients. Thirty CKD Stage 4 and 5 predialytic non-diabetic patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. BRS was determined by spontaneous sequence method. Short-term HRV and BPV were assessed using 5 min beat-to-beat data of RR intervals and blood pressure by time domain and frequency domain analysis. Arterial stiffness indices - carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index - were measured using SphygmoCor Vx device (AtCor Medical, Australia). Predialytic CKD patients had significantly low BRS, high PWV, and low HRV as compared to healthy controls. Independent predictors of reduced systolic BRS in predialytic CKD patient group on multiple regression analysis emerged to be increase in calcium-phosphate product, increase in BPV, and decrease in HRV. Predialytic nondiabetic CKD Stage 4 and 5 patients have poor hemodynamic profile (higher PWV, lower HRV, and reduced BRS) than healthy controls. Reduced HRV and altered calcium-phosphate homeostasis emerged to be significant independent predictors of reduced BRS.
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