Bilateral Chylothorax with Pulmonary Kaposi's Sarcoma

Pandya, Kamlesh; Lal, Charanjit; Tuchschmidt, James; Boylen, C. Thomas; Sharma, Om P.

doi:10.1378/chest.94.6.1316b

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…145 HIV/AIDSrelated Kaposi sarcoma is a common sarcoma arising in lung, at least in large urban centers 146 and may present with pneumothorax, 147 bloody pleural effusion, 148 or chylothorax. 149 Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma Figure 17 Immunohistochemistry of epithelial mesothelioma. A panel of antibodies is necessary to credibly distinguish epithelial mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma.…”

Section: Sarcomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pleura in Health and Disease

Murali¹,

Park²,

Leslie³

2010

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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A wide variety of local, regional, and systemic diseases may have pleural manifestations. The scope of this pathology encompasses a wide spectrum ranging from minimal inflammatory changes to highly malignant neoplasms. An overview of the normal structure of the pleura is provided, along with the diseases that may be encountered. Pleural specimens from patients with pneumothorax are rarely encountered by pathologists. In contrast, pathologists frequently receive pleural specimens showing evidence of inflammation, repair, or neoplasm. In these circumstances, an awareness of less common (and often clinically highly important) conditions such as epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and primary pleural malignant mesothelioma is essential. Knowledge of the clinical setting (e.g., disease tempo) and radiological picture (e.g., laterality) is often of great value to the pathologist in arriving at a correct diagnosis. Similarly, knowledge of the normal anatomical considerations and familiarity with the expected pleural histopathology for the most clinically relevant pleural diseases are critical assets for pulmonary physicians in providing optimal care for their patients.

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Section: Sarcomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pleura in Health and Disease

Murali¹,

Park²,

Leslie³

2010

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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“…[8] Currently, the exact aetiology of chylothorax in patients affected by advanced HIV with KS is unclear, and few cases have been described in the literature. [8][9][10] Most cases reported evidence of lymphatic obstruction via KS involvement of the mediastinal nodes and/or prominent pulmonary KS, and the treatment included palliative measures such as pleural drainage, pleural sclerosis, fluid shunting and/or chemotherapy directed at KS. The treatment was largely unsuccessful, and patients in whom the outcome was noted, died within a few weeks to months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chylothorax associated with non-endemic Kaposi’s sarcoma

Verma¹,

Haverkamp

Kayembe

et al. 2013

South. Afr. j. HIV med.

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Chylothorax is a rare cause of pleural effusion, seen in approximately 2% of cases. In HIV-positive patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the development of chylothorax presents as a diagnostic challenge with an aggressive course and poor, often lethal outcome. In this clinical scenario, the aetiology of chylothorax may include infections and malignancy, while pleural fluid examination and computed tomography of the mediastinum may fail to establish a cause. We present a case of KS-associated non-traumatic chylothorax resulting in death, and a review of available literature on this condition.

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“…Chylous pleural effusion, on the other hand, has been reported previously in only a few patients with KS [9,10]. Chylothorax represents chyle in the pleural cavity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Bilateral Chylothorax. An Unusual Presentation in the Course of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome, HIV Infection and Kaposi’s Sarcoma: A Case Report

Boultadakis

2014

J Med Cases

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Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a term used to describe the paradoxical worsening of a pre-existing infection or the presentation of a previously undiagnosed condition in HIV-infected patients soon after commencement of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We report a case of a patient with HIV infection and Kaposi sarcoma, who developed bilateral chylothorax as a manifestation of IRIS, after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Bilateral chylothorax is extremely rare and has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We present here the successful management with bilateral video-assisted thoracic surgery.

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Bilateral Chylothorax with Pulmonary Kaposi's Sarcoma

Cited by 20 publications

References 3 publications

The Pleura in Health and Disease

The Pleura in Health and Disease

Chylothorax associated with non-endemic Kaposi’s sarcoma

Bilateral Chylothorax. An Unusual Presentation in the Course of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome, HIV Infection and Kaposi’s Sarcoma: A Case Report

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