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The eye is the most important sensory organ, restricts most of the active substances due to their static and dynamic barriers. The application of conventional eye drop is still popular, but it found less permeable to both anterior and posterior eye portion and require more frequent administration. It is a great challenge for the researcher to fabricate ocular formulation to cross the barriers and achieve an optimal therapeutic concentration at the ocular globe. Recent studies revealed that a nanostructured lipid carrier has a great potential in ophthalmic use and become more popular due to its permeability in the eye cavity.
This review describes the nanostructured lipid carriers with respect to the mechanism of ocular permeation, structural feature, manufacturing process, characterization, and its merits over other nanocarriers. In recent years, a remarkable lot of new nanostructured based ocular formulation have been developed, like surface-modified with various cationic compound and their integration with different polymeric systems for the enhancement of ocular bioavailability in both region of the eye.
Newly developed nanostructured lipid carrier includes surface modified by cationic lipid, polymers, thiolated compounds etc. for increase mucoadhesive property. Finally, nanostructured incorporated forms, in situ gel and hydrogel for increase permeation in the posterior region of the eye.
Nanotechnology-based nanomedicine offers several benefits over conventional forms
of therapeutic agents. Moreover, nanomedicine has become a potential candidate
for targeting therapeutic agents at specific sites. However, nanomedicine
prepared by synthetic methods may produce unwanted toxic effects. Due to their
nanosize range, nanoparticles can easily reach the reticuloendothelial system
and may produce unwanted systemic effects. The nanoparticles produced by the
green chemistry approach would enhance the safety profile by avoiding synthetic
agents and solvents in its preparations. This review encompasses toxicity
consideration of nanoparticles, green synthesis techniques of nanoparticle
preparation, biomedical application of nanoparticles, and future prospects.
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