ABSTRACT. Twenty-five cultivars of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were examined under both drought stress and normal conditions in 4 experiments. In each condition, genotypes were evaluated in a factorial experiment using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Eight drought tolerance indices including stability tolerance index, mean productivity (MP), geometric MP, harmonic mean, stress susceptibility index, tolerance index, yield index, and yield stability index were estimated for each genotype based on grain yield under drought (Ys) and irrigated conditions (Yp). The results indicated that there were positive and significant correlations among Yp and Ys with geometric MP, MP, harmonic mean, and stability tolerance index, indicating that these factors are better predictors of Yp and Ys than tolerance index, stress susceptibility index, yield stability index, and yield index. Based on adjusted means at Yp and Ys, indices geometric MP, MP, harmonic mean, and stability tolerance index, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean cluster and biplot analysis, the most tolerant cultivars were '9929020', '9929034', and 'N 95B'.
Yam bean is a non-conventional horticultural crop adapted to the Amazon region. It presents edible roots, yet, its seeds contain cytotoxic components such as rotenone and pachyrhizin. The Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia has 64 yam bean genotypes in its germplasm bank, however, their diversity is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of these genotypes using 10 morphoagronomic traits, plant height, number of secondary branches, shoot biomass, stem diameter, root biomass, number, length, diameter, length/diameter ratio (L/D), and shape. The accessions were planted on non-flooded land, Manaus, Amazonas (02º 59'48.2''S and 60º 01' 22.4''W) in completely randomized design with three replicates and three plants per plot spaced 0.5 x 1 m. The results showed significant diversity for all characters except for stem diameter and visual assessment of root shape. Biplot graphic explained 60% of the total variation, which identified that genotypes P44, P22 and P18 have high values for root yield (80-108 t ha ). Cluster analysis, considering 50% of relative Euclidean distance, revealed 15 major groups. We conclude that the genotypes assessed have wide diversity and some of them high root yield potential. This suggests that a yam bean breeding program can be successful for the yield of roots and seeds in the Amazonian region. KEYWORDS: Feijão-macuco, Jacatupé, biodiversity, Amazon region.Diversidade de feijão-macuco (Pachyrhizus spp. Fabaceae) baseada em caracteres morfoagronômicos na amazônia brasileira RESUMO O feijão-macuco é uma hortaliça não convencional da Amazônia. Suas raízes são comestíveis e suas sementes tóxicas por conter rotenona e paquirizina. O Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) tem conservado 64 genótipos de feijão-macuco em seu banco de germoplasma, mas a diversidade genética destes é desconhecida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar estes acessos utilizando 10 descritores morfoagronômicos tais como: altura de planta, número de ramas secundárias, massa da parte aérea, diâmetro de caule, massa, número, comprimento, diâmetro, relação comprimento/diâmetro e formato de raízes. O experimento foi conduzido em terra firme no município de Manaus (02º 59'48.2''LS e 60º 01' 22.4''LO), em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três repetições e três plantas por parcela. Os resultados mostraram diversidade significativa para todos os caracteres, exceto para diâmetro do caule e avaliação visual do formato da raiz. O Biplot explicou 60% da variação total o qual mostrou que os genótipos P44, P22 e P18 tem elevada produtividade de raízes (80-108 t ha -1 ), número de ramificações secundarias (15-31) e massa da parte aérea (0.5-0.8 kg/planta). A análise de agrupamento considerando 50% da distancia euclidiana relativa mostrou 15 grupos principais. Por tanto, concluímos haver ampla diversidade nos genótipos especialmente para produtividade de raízes. Isto indica que o melhoramento de feijão-macuco, na região Amazônica, pode ter sucesso para aumentar a produtividade de raízes...
ABSTRACT. The use of best linear unbiased prediction/restricted maximum likelihood (BLUP/REML) in perennial crops and animal breeding enhances selection gain. However, its advantage with respect to annual crops is not clear. We compared the BLUP and best linear unbiased estimator selection efficiency in the breeding of various potato generations. This was done by simulating various selection intensities on clonal families (full sibs), and clones. The characters evaluated were tuber yield and tuber specific gravity. Two criteria were adopted for comparison: a) incidence of families or clones and b) selection gain. For tuber yield, BLUP/REML method was slightly more efficient for selecting families in the first clonal generation, if it were above 50%. Below this value, both methods were equivalent. However, they both presented equal behavior for family selection of tuber specific gravity. For clonal selection, BLUP/REML showed robust superiority from 10 to 90% selection intensities in both characters. Therefore, the adequate use of BLUP/REML in potato breeding can enhance the selection gain on the yield and specific gravity of tubers.
Murupi chili pepper is a hot Amazonian pepper that has been used as flavoring in the region, yet its diversity is unknown. This paper aims to assess the diversity in 20 landraces from Peruvian, Colombian, and Brazilian Amazon. The experiment was installed in Manaus-AM, using a randomized complete block design with three replicates and five plants per plot. Analyses of variance showed significant differences for all nine descriptors. Fruit yield showed, in average, to be 208.08 fruits per plant, tantamount to 381.44 g per plant. Given 50% of relative distances estimated by generalized Mahalanobis distances and, nearest neighbor clustering, they displayed six groups. Cluster I comprised 50% of the landraces. Clusters IV, V and VI were represented by ‘8’ (Putumayo, Colombia), ‘27’ (Yurimaguas, Peru) and ‘24’ (Jutaí-AM, Brazil), respectively. The highest yielding landrace showed to be ‘17’ (Manicoré-AM, Brazil), bearing 685.5 fruits and 1.92 kg per plant. Our findings suggest Murupi pepper may possibly be improved by selection and/or hybridization.
ResumoCom o objetivo de identificar o tipo de herança, o número de genes e os parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos da resistência do acesso PI 595201 a um isolado de PRSV-W da região Norte do Brasil foi conduzido um experimento na área experimental do Departamento de Produção Vegetal da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, em condições de casa de vegetação. A partir do cruzamento entre a cultivar suscetível Crimson Sweet (P 1 ) e o acesso resistente PI 595201 (P 2 ) foi obtida a geração F 1 e as gerações segregantes, cujas plantas foram inoculadas e avaliadas quanto à resistência com base nos sintomas nas folhas. Foram avaliadas 48, 48, 80, 200, 100 e 100 plantas das gerações P 1 , P 2 , F 1 , F 2 , RC 11 e RC 12 , respectivamente, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. A partir da análise de componentes de médias no controle da resistência determinaram-se dois genes, predominando os efeitos gênicos aditivos, seguido de efeitos de dominância incompleta no sentido de aumentar a resistência. As herdabilidades para a resistência, no sentido amplo e restrito, foram de 0,48 e 0,38, respectivamente.Palavras-chave: Citrulus lanatus var. lanatus, Potyvirus, resistência genética, componentes principais. Inheritance of the resistance of the watermelon accession PI 595201 to a PRSV-W isolate from the State of Tocantins AbstractAiming to identify the type of inheritance, the number of genes and genetic and phenotypic parameters of PI 595201 access resistance to an isolate of PRSV-W in the North of Brazil, was conducted an experiment in the experimental area of the Department of Plant Production of the Universidade Federal do Tocantins, in a greenhouse. From the cross between the susceptible cultivar 'Crimson Sweet' (P 1 ) and resistant access 'PI 595201' (P 2 ) was obtained F 1 and segregating generations, whose plants were inoculated and evaluated for resistance based on leaf symptoms. Was evaluated 48, 48, 80, 200, 100 and 100 plants of P 1 , P 2 , F 1 , F 2 , RC 11 and RC 12 generations, respectively, in a completely randomized design with four replications. From the analysis of medium components in the control of resistance were determined two genes, predominantly additive gene effects, followed by effects of incomplete dominance to increase the resistance. The heritability for resistance in broad and narrow sense were 0.48 and 0.38, respectively.
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