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ORIGINAL ARTICLE PURPOSE We aimed to determine the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of focal breast lesions on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and to evaluate whether ADC measurement can be used to characterize lesions as benign or malignant. MATERIALS AND METHODSFifty-one patients between the ages of 18-79 years (mean age, 48.5 years) with 51 histopathologically verified breast lesions were included in this study. The patients were examined with a 1.5 Tesla system using a bilateral phased-array breast coil. Spin-echo echo-planar imaging was used. The images were obtained with b values of 50, 400, and 800 s/ mm 2 . The ADC values were calculated for breast lesions and for normal fibroglandular tissue. Receiver operating characteristics analyses were performed to find the threshold ADC values. /s (sensitivity, 88.5%; specificity, 100%). With the ADC ratio (lesion to normal fibroglandular tissue), the threshold was 0.8 (sensitivity, 91.4%; specificity, 100%). The ADC value obtained from malignant lesions was statistically different from that of benign lesions (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Diffusion-weighted imaging can be used to differentiate malignant and benign breast lesions. RESULTS Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in women (1). The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a relatively short history for the diagnosis of breast lesions. Breast MRI-as a different diagnostic tool from mammography and ultrasonography (US)-can show tissue perfusion characteristics of the masses on breast parenchyma, as well as morphologic features, such as the contour, size, and shape of the breast lesions. Although conventional MRI sequences have an important role in the differential diagnosis of breast masses, this technology has a low specificity, thus requires the support of additional imaging techniques (2-4). Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) is an active field of research in MRI. In addition to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps can be created, and quantitative measurements can be performed. Recent studies have shown a high accuracy rate in the differentiation between malignant and benign breast lesions using DW-MRI and ADC measurements (5-7). The measured ADC values were significantly lower in malignant lesions compared with benign lesions. Malignant breast tumors show a high amount of cellular structure (due to the intensity of the tumor tissue), resulting in low ADC values for these lesions (5-7).The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of DWI and ADC values in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions. Materials and methods Patient selectionPatients with a suspicious mass diagnosed with mammography or US that were considered for a biopsy procedure were included in this prospective study.The local ethics committee approved the study, and informed written consent was obtained from each patient.Seventy patients who had a suspicious lesion on mammography or US according to Breast Imaging-Reporting a...

Background. Osteoid osteoma (OO) is one of the most commonly occurring benign bone tumors. It constitutes 10-12% of benign bone tumors and 2-3% of primary bone tumors. In radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment, the cells of the tumor are thermally inactivated by the help of electrodes shaped like needles. In our study, we aimed to show the major and minor complications in patients undergoing RFA and to show what should be done to prevent these complications. Methods. The study was carried out as a prospective study on the follow-up of 87 osteoid osteoma patients treated between 2015 and 2017. The youngest of the patients was 1 year old and the oldest was 42 years old. The RFA procedure lasted 10 min on average, excluding anesthesia and preparation. All lesions were ablated at 90 degrees for 7 minutes with the heat increased gradually. All patients were followed up for 1 day in the orthopedics clinic. Results. Complications were observed in 7 patients. The lesions with the most complications were observed to be in the tibia, second-degree burns were seen in 2 patients, and superficial skin infection was observed in 2 patients. In 1 patient, the probe tip was broken and remained within the bone. Intramuscular hematoma was detected in 1 lesion located in the proximal femur. A complaint of numbness in the fingers developed in a lesion located in the metacarpus. Conclusion. Preventive measures should be taken before the procedure in order to prevent minor complications, and, for major complications, close follow-up should be done after the procedure and patients should be kept away from heavy physical activities for the first 3 months.

M ale breast cancer (MBC) accounts for approximately 1% of all breast cancers and it is very rare compared to the female population. [1,2] MBC is generally seen in later decades of life (in 60-70 years of age) compared to female's breast cancer. [1,2] However, the importance of MBC should not be ignored due to its poorer prognosis since being diagnosed in later stages. Some of the risk factors for the development of breast cancer in the male population are age, having a history of breast cancer in first-degree male or female relatives, hyperestrogenism, a history of radiation to the mediastinum, a history of exogenous estrogen usage and having genetic predisposition (as BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, Kleinfelter syndrome). [3][4][5] Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common subtype. [3][4][5] MBC generally presents with the unilateral, fixated, painless subareolar mass lesion. [5][6][7] In MMG, as most of MBC (s) may be presented as a spiculated mass with irregular or indistinct borders, also in 15% of the cases, it may be presented as dens nodular mass lesion with distinct borders. [6] In this study, we aimed to remind and emphasize the importance of MBC and to Objectives: We aimed to remind and emphasize the importance of male breast cancer with radiological and histopathological results of the patients diagnosed in our institution. Methods: Men who had proven breast cancer by histopathological analysis between February 2010-April 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. The mammographic, ultrasonographic, magnetic resonance and positron-emission-tomography imaging features and histopathological results of the masses were noted. Results: Twenty-five men were included in this study. Mean age of the patients was 62.9 (min:42; max: 82) with a mean size of lesions was 26.4 mm (min:10 mm; max: 70 mm). All the lesions were presented as a palpable mass. According to imaging features of the five patients who had mammography, all the four patients were presented as a mass but one patient as asymmetrical density. According to imaging features of the 20 patients who had an ultrasound, 16 (80%) lesions were presented as hypoechoic solid masses with irregular margins, while four (20%) were presented as complex-cystic masses with irregular margins. All the patients were diagnosed as invasive ductal cancer with luminal subtype by histopathological analysis. Conclusion: Even at young ages, the palpable lesion may be the only symptom of male breast cancer. Male breast cancer is generally presented as retroareolar mass and detected in advanced stages, probably due to low awareness and lack of screening programme. Invasive ductal cancer is the most common type of male breast cancer with the luminal subtype.

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Purpose: Diagnosis of osteoid osteoma may be delayed if secondary radiological findings such as muscle atrophy, oedema in peripheric soft tissue and bone marrow, joint effusion, or synovitis are more severe than the lesion itself. In this article, the purpose was to demonstrate secondary radiological findings of osteoid osteoma in both paediatric and adult patients. This study is one of the very few with such a large case series. Material and methods: Radiological images of 152 patients were reviewed retrospectively. Peri-nidus sclerosis, periosteal reactive bone formation, bone marrow and soft tissue oedema, presence of synovial effusion, muscular atrophy in the affected extremity, osteopaenia, and posture deterioration were noted. Results: Most of the lesions (87.5%) were localised in lower extremity bones. Among all the patients, 56% had extraarticular (65% in paediatric patients) and 44% had intraarticular (69% in paediatric patients) osteoid-osteoma. In 44% of the patients, synovial effusion was presented. In 89.4% of these, osteoid osteoma was localised in the joint. Of the 97 patients who had osteoid osteoma in lower extremities or pelvic bones, 73% had muscular atrophy. In 6% of them muscular atrophy was severe, and they had posture-gait disorder with accompanying osteopaenia. In 48% of the patients, there was reactive periosteal bone formation around the nidus. Conclusions: Secondary radiological findings, such as muscular atrophy, synovitis, posture-gait deterioration, and reactive bone formation in a patient with continuous pain that is relieved by anti-inflammatory drugs may point to an osteoid osteoma.

Preoperative knowledge of LRV abnormalities facilitates the safe performance of surgery and reveals the clinical symptoms. It is easy to see LRV and its drainage way on routine CT and MR imagings.