Male breast cancer with radiological and histopathological findings

Abstract

M ale breast cancer (MBC) accounts for approximately 1% of all breast cancers and it is very rare compared to the female population. [1,2] MBC is generally seen in later decades of life (in 60-70 years of age) compared to female's breast cancer. [1,2] However, the importance of MBC should not be ignored due to its poorer prognosis since being diagnosed in later stages. Some of the risk factors for the development of breast cancer in the male population are age, having a history of breast cancer in first-degree male or female relatives, hyperestrogenism, a history of radiation to the mediastinum, a history of exogenous estrogen usage and having genetic predisposition (as BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, Kleinfelter syndrome). [3][4][5] Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common subtype. [3][4][5] MBC generally presents with the unilateral, fixated, painless subareolar mass lesion. [5][6][7] In MMG, as most of MBC (s) may be presented as a spiculated mass with irregular or indistinct borders, also in 15% of the cases, it may be presented as dens nodular mass lesion with distinct borders. [6] In this study, we aimed to remind and emphasize the importance of MBC and to Objectives: We aimed to remind and emphasize the importance of male breast cancer with radiological and histopathological results of the patients diagnosed in our institution. Methods: Men who had proven breast cancer by histopathological analysis between February 2010-April 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. The mammographic, ultrasonographic, magnetic resonance and positron-emission-tomography imaging features and histopathological results of the masses were noted. Results: Twenty-five men were included in this study. Mean age of the patients was 62.9 (min:42; max: 82) with a mean size of lesions was 26.4 mm (min:10 mm; max: 70 mm). All the lesions were presented as a palpable mass. According to imaging features of the five patients who had mammography, all the four patients were presented as a mass but one patient as asymmetrical density. According to imaging features of the 20 patients who had an ultrasound, 16 (80%) lesions were presented as hypoechoic solid masses with irregular margins, while four (20%) were presented as complex-cystic masses with irregular margins. All the patients were diagnosed as invasive ductal cancer with luminal subtype by histopathological analysis. Conclusion: Even at young ages, the palpable lesion may be the only symptom of male breast cancer. Male breast cancer is generally presented as retroareolar mass and detected in advanced stages, probably due to low awareness and lack of screening programme. Invasive ductal cancer is the most common type of male breast cancer with the luminal subtype.

Night Work and Breast Cancer Risk in Nurses: Multifactorial Risk Analysis

“…This relationship to familial BC would also apply to male BC, which resulted in five cases in this study (8.92% of the BC cases tested); even if it only accounts for 1% of all male cancers worldwide [ 55 , 56 ]. Longitudinal studies indicate that its incidence is growing similarly to female BC and that the survival rate does not differ between sexes [ 57 , 58 ].…”

18F-FDG PET/CT for the evaluation of male breast cancer: a systematic review

“…The role of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in the initial assessment of MBC has been demonstrated by some works [16,[19][20][21][22]. In this setting, hybrid imaging with 18 F-FDG is useful for the evaluation of the primary site of disease and also to determine the presence of metastasis (axillary nodes, locoregional nodes, distant nodes or systemic).…”

“…In this setting, hybrid imaging with 18 F-FDG is useful for the evaluation of the primary site of disease and also to determine the presence of metastasis (axillary nodes, locoregional nodes, distant nodes or systemic). Furthermore, hybrid imaging demonstrated the added value to find unsuspected distant metastases of MBC resulting in upstage of the disease [16,[19][20][21][22].…”

“…All of the eight studies included in the systematic review were retrospective and in all of them, hybrid PET/CT tomographs were used [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Seven studies focused only on MBC [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], while only one study investigated the role of PET/CT in both male and female patients affected by breast cancer [23].…”

“…All of the eight studies included in the systematic review were retrospective and in all of them, hybrid PET/CT tomographs were used [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Seven studies focused only on MBC [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], while only one study investigated the role of PET/CT in both male and female patients affected by breast cancer [23]. PET/CT was performed for the staging purpose in three studies [16,19,20], for restaging purpose in three studies [17,18,23] and for both indications in two studies [21,22].…”