The effect of different sample sizes on estimation methods such as weighted least squares and robust weighted least squares that are used in structural equation modeling was studied and compared using information criteria such as Akaike Information Criteria in this study. The simulations were repeated 1000 times with two estimation methods and the average values of criteria were calculated with different sample sizes. The study includes a construct of four factors, with four questions of each that are measured on a five-point Likert scale. Different sample sizes, ranging from 300 to 5000 were selected. According to the simulations results, it is concluded that the robust estimation method provides more effective results at lower sample size. In addition, it was found that as the sample size increases, the efficiency difference between two methods gradually decreases. Moreover, it was detected that there is almost no difference between the two methods for sample sizes over 3000.

The aim of this study is to explore the effect of trust perceptions of hotel employees in their managers on their organizational identification behavior and intention to quit. Initially, a literature review was performed and then a questionnaire was used to gather data. To analyze the data, T-test and variance analysis were carried out and Tukey and Tamhane tests were used as well. Lastly, structural equation modeling (SEM) was done to identify the degree and direction of the relationships. As a result of the T-test analyses, significant differences were found in 95% confidence level between the age groups and organizational identification (p=0,001) and intention to quit (p=0,000). Besides, it was identified that organizational identification behavior has an adverse effect on intention to quit (γ=-0,008). It was concluded that the higher the perception of trust in the manager, the higher the organizational identification behavior and the lower the intention to quit.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Aralık 2019'dan beri tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan koronavirüs salgını süresince Türk halkının sergilediği tutumu (bilişsel, duyuşsal ve davranışsal boyutlarda) ve bu tutum üzerinde etkili olan etmenleri belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem:Bir ölçek aracılığı ile derlenen veriler açıklayıcı faktör analizi (AFA), doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA), yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (YEM) ile modellenerek, boyutlar arası ilişkiler ile her bir boyutta etkili olan maddelerin önemleri belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %61,4'ü erkek ve %65,4'ü 40 yaş altıdır. Bireylerin tutumlarını açıklayan alt boyutlardan davranışsal boyut üzerinde bireylerin ekonomik tedbirlere vereceği önemin en etkili değişken olduğu, bilişsel ve duyuşsal boyutlarda ise sırası ile bireylerin hayata geliş amaçlarını tekrar ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of study is to determine the attitude of the Turkish people (in cognitive, affective and behavioral dimensions) and the factors affecting this attitude during the coronavirus epidemic that has affected the whole world since December 2019. Materials and Methods:The data collected by a scale were modeled with explanatory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM), and the effects of the dimensions and the importance of the effective items in each dimension were determined.Results: 61.4% of the participants were male and 65.4% were under the age of 40 years. Individuals' "questioning their purpose of coming to life again" and "desire of being more sensitive to the events around them than in the past" were found to be significant, respectively. Other results obtained from the study are given in the relevant tables and figures. Conclusion:It was determined that the affective dimension had the highest effect on the results of EFA, CFA and SEM analyses, which were effective in examining the attitudes of individuals towards an event with these sub-dimensions.

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In recent years, ecotoxicological studies have been conducted around the world, especially in aquatic ecosystems. It is noteworthy that genotoxicity tests have been frequently used in the biomonitoring of pollution. The present study evaluates genotoxicity tests including comet assays, micronucleus assays, fluorescent in-situ hybridization assays, chromosomal aberration assays, and sister chromatid exchange assays used in fish species for biomonitoring of environmental pollution in Turkey. Thirty-six ecotoxicological studies, which aimed to investigate possible genotoxic damage in fish species between the years 1970 and 2016, were analyzed. As a result of the literature review, it was concluded that the largest number of studies were done in 2011. There were micronucleus assays in 83.33%, comet assays in 30.55%, chromosomal aberration assays in 5.55%, and sister chromatid exchange experiments in 2.77% of the studies. Most of the micronucleus experiments were performed in eco-genotoxicological studies. Our results show that there were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between the erythrocyte and gill samples in the micronucleus results from the studies. This study is the first assessment of the use of genotoxicity tests in ecotoxicological studies in Turkey. Considering the principle of refinement in 4 R theory our results show that the use of gill cells instead of peripheral erythrocytes would be more appropriate in micronucleus assays.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the efficiencies of marble factories in Afyonkarahisar city via data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is a mathematical programming-based analysis. Methods: In this study, the efficiencies of 64 marble factories in Afyonkarahisar city, the most famous city in terms of marble production in Turkey, were examined. DEA was used to determine efficient and non-efficient factories. DEA is a method for analyzing a set of organizational units in order to identify the efficient units so that they can become benchmarks or peers for the inefficient units in the set and can facilitate the spread of best practice in a cooperative system. Results: In this study, the findings related to codes and current efficiencies of factories in the model of production, the operation functioning with different efficiencies and the benchmarks of non-efficient operations according to the production model were obtained. As an example of the results of the efficiency analyses, for factory code F7 employing 19 laborers to work more efficiently, it must decrease the number of laborers to 18. In addition, the sales rate in the internal market should be decreased from 50% to 46%, while the external sales rates are to be increased by 4%. Conclusions: With this study we aimed to examine the efficiencies of marble factories in Afyonkarahisar city. We also give some recommendations to the administrators of the factories for upgrading their production levels by summarizing the deficiencies of the factories, related with the results of the study. We hope that following these recommendations, the efficiencies of the factories will increase, and with increased and efficient productions, the importance of Afyonkarahisar city will be the highest in Turkey.

Wikipedia is a source that has been used at many universities around the world for students to gain some skills and be motivated positively. In higher education, some academicians have a positive view on the teaching usefulness of Wikipedia, and some of them are determined to use classical teaching. In this chapter, teaching use of Wikipedia in all faculty members of the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya are used as data. Then an entropy-based decision tree algorithm was developed. Wikipedia users and non-users are classified according to some aspects with this decision tree. Thus, it can be understood that whether Wikipedia has been used as a teaching tool by academicians or not. So, researchers can have information about the usefulness of Wikipedia in teaching and the intentions in use of it by academicians.