Purpose: This study proposes the best clustering method(s) for different distance measures under two different conditions using the cophenetic correlation coefficient. Methods:In the first one, the data has multivariate standard normal distribution without outliers for n = 10, 50, 100 and the second one is with outliers (5%) for n = 10, 50, 100. The proposed method is applied to simulated multivariate normal data via MATLAB software. Results: According the results of simulation the Average (especially for n = 10) and Centroid (especially for n = 50 and n = 100) methods are recommended at both conditions. Conclusions: This study hopes to contribute to literature for making better decisions on selection of appropriate cluster methods by using subgroup sizes, variable numbers, subgroup means and variances.

Environmental education and education for the environment today play an important role toward sustainability. Environmental education provided by higher education institutions has an important impact on training and preparing the future generation for a green society. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among perception, attitude, and environmental behavior of the university students enrolled in different specialization fields (engineering electrical, mechanical, and economic). A total of 358 students participated in this survey conducted at the North Center University of Baia Mare. To collect data to measure students’ environmental education, perception, students’ attitudes, and behavior a Likert scale was used. In this study, it was revealed that students receiving academic education are involved in activities regarding environmental protection (volunteer, warning, participation, recycling of materials) using the new product and “greener” alternative energy. As a result of the t-test performed, it was put forward that there was no difference in their level of perception regarding the importance of environmental education. As a result of the correlation analysis, a positive relation was identified between the perception, attitude, and behavior variables.

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Mock trial is an activity commonly used both in and out of the class in citizenship education. Mock trial is a simulation technique rooted in experiential learning. This study aimed to evaluate the Mock trial method used by a primary school teacher in Turkey to solve the problems faced during lessons. Research Methods: This research is designed as an intrinsic case study, which involves the use of Mock trials to solve the classroom problems. Participants were a classroom teacher and 20 fourth grade students attending her class. Research data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Findings: Mock trial procedure was conducted during the last 15 minutes of the lessons at one-totwo-month intervals. The problem to be handled in the Mock trial is decided by the consensus of the

Purpose This study aims to examine consumer involvement with nutrition labels in the USA. Although food label information including nutrition, size and color are standardized and mandated by Food and Drug Administration, consumers perceive some food labels more confusing than others and many ignore the information by seeing them as unimportant. This study measures the importance of different nutrients and examines the differences between consumers that read nutrition labels and consumers that do not read nutrition labels. Design/methodology/approach In total, 300 consumers were surveyed using Qualtrics internet panel about the importance of nutrition information on food labels. Importance of food nutrients and food serving, size as they impact consumer involvement with food labels, was measured using structural equation modeling. Findings The results indicate perceived risk associated with nutrition labels, and food serving size information impacts consumer involvement with nutrition labels. Practical implications There are a variety of important public policy implications for government agencies and food manufacturers in educating the public about the use of nutrition information on food labels. Originality/value This study expands previous research by adding three more nutrients to the dietary scale from nutrition labels (sodium, cholesterol and carbohydrates) and focuses mainly on the nutrients that are considered to be negative for most people.

Bu çalışmada, bireylerin ağız ve diş sağlığı konusundaki bilgiye ve korkuya dayalı tutum ve davranışlarının incelenerek, tutumlarının davranışları üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu amaçla Afyonkarahisar il merkezinde faaliyet göstermekte olan özel diş kliniklerine, 2019 yılı Nisan-Mayıs aylarında tedavi amaçlı gelen toplam 350 hastaya uygulanan anket aracılığı ile ilgili veriler toplanmıştır. Toplanan verilere, betimleyici istatistiksel analizlerin dışında açıklayıcı faktör analizi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve yapısal eşitlik modellemesi uygulanarak bireylerin bilgiye ve korkuya dayalı tutum ve davranış boyutları belirlenerek ağız ve dış sağlığı konusundaki davranışları üzerinde etkili olan tutumları belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Açıklayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda bireylerin ağız ve diş sağlığı konusundaki tutumlarının alt boyutları: Korkuya dayalı Tutum (KT) ve Bilgiye dayalı Tutum (BT) olarak, davranışlarının alt boyutları ise Korkuya dayalı Davranış (KD), Bilgiye dayalı Davranış (BD) olarak belirlenmiştir. Faktör analizi bulgularına göre bireylerin korkuya dayalı tutumları üzerinde, en çok anestezik iğnenin görüntüsünün endişelendirdiği, Korkuya dayalı davranışları üzerinde en çok kullanılan aletlerin seslerinin rahatsız ettiği için müzik dinlemeleri etkili bulunmuş, Bilgiye dayalı tutumları üzerinde Ağız ve diş sağlığı genel vücut sağlığı ile etkileşim içinde olduğu, bilgiye bağlı davranışları üzerinde ise Dişlerimi düzenli şekilde günde 2 defa fırçalamaları etkili olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi sonucunda elde bulgulara göre, korkuya dayalı davranışları üzerinde korkuya dayalı tutumları en etkili faktör olarak belirlenirken, bilgiye dayalı davranışları üzerinde ise bilgiye dayalı tutumları en etkili faktör olarak belirlenmiştir.

Purpose – In recent years, as other sectors, there is an increasing trend of competition in thermal hotel sector. The aim of this study is to determine the importance of the factors on thermal hotel location via Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The study is conducted in one of the most famous thermal cities, Afyonkarahisar-Turkey. Methodology – AHP is used to determine the best location among all alternative locations. Findings – According to the results of AHP, Environmental Factors are found to be the most important factor in determining the location of the thermal hotel. The other factors according to their importance are; Features of the Construction, Costs of Investment, Location of the Construction, Competitive Factors and Demographic Structures respectively. Within Environmental Factors, the sub-factor Closeness to Thermal Water was found to be the most important. Value/originality – Determination of the location of a new hotel is very important for thermal tourism investors and also it is one of the most difficult factors for them. While they determine the most suitable location, they have to think about different criteria and all other alternatives. Other factors like features of the construction, environmental factors, competitive factors and demographic structures are almost as important as the location of the hotel which also has some sub factors. This study focused on how to determine the best hotel location via AHP.