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Introduction This article is related to complications of rhinoplasty and its main causes of reoperations. Objectives The objective of this study is to perform a systematic review of literature on complications in rhinoplasty. Data Synthesis The authors conducted a survey of articles related to key terms in the literature by using three important databases within 11 years, between January 2002 and January 2013. We found 1,271 abstracts and selected 49 articles to this review. Conclusion The main results showed that the number of primary open rhinoplasty was 7902 (89%) and 765 closed (11%) and the percentage of reoperations in primary open complete rhinoplasties was 2.73% and closed complete was 1.56%. The statistical analysis revealed a value of p = 0.071. The standardization of terms can improve the quality of scientific publications about rhinoplasty. There is no difference between primary open or closed rhinoplasty techniques in relation to reoperations.

This study showed that mitomycin C was efficient in inhibiting GM-CSF synthesis with reduction of IL-5 secretion, but this fact needs complementary studies.

Intrathecal fluorescein provoked discreet meningeal reactions, such as an increase of cells between 24 and 48h and an increase of neutrophils at 24h, with a subsequent decrease at 48h with no correlation with symptomatology.

From the results and complications seen in the present study, and analyzing papers from the literature, it is possible to conclude that stapedotomy is a procedure that can be included in residency programs, if there are surgical cases for the residents.

O uso do tubo de ventilação (TV) da orelha média, tratamento cirúrgico eleito da otite média com efusão (OME), não é isento de complicações, promovendo ainda limitação social pela necessidade de abandono dos banhos de imersão. A mitomicina C (MMC) é um antineoblástico, cuja aplicação tópi-ca retarda a fibrose e previne a estenose cicatricial. Em cobaias, retardou o fechamento de timpanotomias, permitindo maior tempo de aeração da orelha média, à semelhança dos tubos de ventilação. Forma de Estudo: Clínico prospectivo. Objetivo: Comparar a eficácia entre timpanotomia, aspirado da efusão e inserção de tubo de ventilação (grupo TV) versus timpanotomia, aspirado da efusão e aplicação tópica de mitomicina C (grupo MMC). Comparar o tempo de manutenção da timpanotomia e a incidência de complicações nos dois grupos. Resultados: O grupo MMC apresentou eficácia significativamente menor (52% versus 80%) que o grupo TV (p= 0,34). A presença de timpanometria tipo "B" e a ausência de comprometimento do óstio faríngeo tubário pelo tecido adenóide no pré-operatório representaram fatores de mau prognóstico. A aplicação tópica de MMC nas bordas da timpanotomia proporcionou um tempo de abertura da membrana timpânica por duas a três semanas. No grupo TV, a otorréia foi observada em 13,3% dos pacientes. No grupo MMC, apesar da menor eficá-cia, nenhum paciente apresentou complicações nem sofreu prolongada proibição dos banhos de imersão. Conclusão: Apesar de concluirmos que o TV apresenta maior eficácia, novos estudos utilizando maior concentração, maior tempo de aplicação ou o uso seriado de MMC no tratamento da otite média com efusão devem ser realizados. The insertion of the ventilation tube (VT), which is the surgical treatment for otitis media with effusion (OME), is not free from complications and also limits social life because of the need of abandoning immersion baths. Mitomycin C is an antineoblastic that delays fibrosis and avoids stenosis in scars by its topical use. It permitted a longer ventilation of the middle ear in guinea pigs by delaying tympanostomies closure similarly to the ventilation tubes. Study Design: Prospective clinical trial. Aim: Observe and compare the efficacy of tympanostomy, effusion suction and insertion of the ventilation tube (VT group) versus results of tympanostomy, effusion suction and topic application of mitomycin C(MMC group), and also the duration of tympanotomy and incidence of complications in both groups. Results: MMC group showed a significant lower efficacy (52% versus 80%) than that of VT group (p=0,34). The occurrence of type B curve in the tympanometry and tube pharyngeal ostium free from adenoid tissue in the preoperative period represent poor prognosis factors. The topic application of mitomycin on the tympanostomy permitted a patency period of two to three weeks. On the VT group, otorrhea was observed in 13,3 % of the patients. On the MMC group, despite its smaller efficacy, there were no complications or need of missing immersion baths. Conclusion:We concluded that VT showed bet...