Rhinoplasty Complications and Reoperations: Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction This article is related to complications of rhinoplasty and its main causes of reoperations. Objectives The objective of this study is to perform a systematic review of literature on complications in rhinoplasty. Data Synthesis The authors conducted a survey of articles related to key terms in the literature by using three important databases within 11 years, between January 2002 and January 2013. We found 1,271 abstracts and selected 49 articles to this review. Conclusion The main results showed that the number of primary open rhinoplasty was 7902 (89%) and 765 closed (11%) and the percentage of reoperations in primary open complete rhinoplasties was 2.73% and closed complete was 1.56%. The statistical analysis revealed a value of p = 0.071. The standardization of terms can improve the quality of scientific publications about rhinoplasty. There is no difference between primary open or closed rhinoplasty techniques in relation to reoperations.

Functional and Aesthetic Factors Associated with Revision of Rhinoplasty

“…As supporting by large literature review, there is no difference between primary open or closed rhinoplasty techniques in relation to revision. 16 Despite studied factors could be specific to the surgeon and/or the population studied, 17 our results allow us to express several advices.…”

“…Moreover, the revision rate of our study was concordant with those observed on several other series, performed by other surgeons, with open approach, for different populations. 3 – 5 , 16 The incision technique in closed approach does not require supplementary external incisions and allows access to all parts of the nose. On the other hand, it requires more experience for the surgeon due to the reduced intra-operative view.…”

Compatible Biomaterials Used In Rhinology Surgery – Our Expertise

“…In this situation Titanium plates ensure the greatest biocompatibility due to increased corrosion resistance as well as bone-like elastic profile. Also, this metal is characterized by great stability to a small mass [7]. …”

The Effect of Hirodoid Cream on Ecchymosis and Edema around Eyes after Rhinoplasty

“…In clinical trials, various methods have been employed trying to reduce these side effects, which are summarized as employment of steroids, adrenaline solution one per 100,000, ice bag, intravenous tranexamic acid, clonidine, herbal material such as Arnica, and topical use of vitamins K. 4 Since the above agents are not impeccable either due to systemic effects or limitations in results of administration, if pharmacological agents can be used, which have easier and especially topical use and reduce effectively edema and ecchymosis, they can be routinely used in clinical settings. 4 , 5 …”

“…2,3 In clinical trials, various methods have been employed trying to reduce these side effects, which are summarized as employment of steroids, adrenaline solution one per 100,000, ice bag, intravenous tranexamic acid, clonidine, herbal material such as Arnica, and topical use of vitamins K. 4 Since the above agents are not impeccable either due to systemic effects or limitations in results of administration, if pharmacological agents can be used, which have easier and especially topical use and reduce effectively edema and ecchymosis, they can be routinely used in clinical settings. 4,5 Hirodoid (heparinoid or HPS) has anticlotting, fibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory effects, and until now, no study demonstrated the impact of hirodoid in reducing edema and ecchymosis following rhinoplasty, although other studies outside the field of surgery has been undertaken. 6 Hirodoid cream has an active compound called mucopolysaccharide polysulfate (MPS) which is a semi-synthetic molecule produced by the sulfation of a mixture of glycosaminoglycan derived from mammalian cartilage, with an average molecular weight of about 9700 Dalton.…”