Federal do Espírito Santo, objetivando avaliar tratamentos para acelerar a germinação e reduzir a deterioração de sementes de Ormosia nitida. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. No primeiro estudo, feito em papel substrato, os tratamentos foram sementes intactas, escarificação mecânica e escarificação química com H 2 SO 4 durante 10 min. No segundo estudo feito em placas de Petri, os tratamentos utilizados foram sementes intactas (controle); escarificação mecânica; escarificação mecânica + pré-embebição por 24 horas; H 2 O 2 no substrato; e escarificação química com H 2 SO 4 durante 1, 5, 10,15, 20, 25 e 30 min. Foram avaliados o vigor, através do índice de velocidade de germinação, e a germinação, através da porcentagem de plântulas normais. A todos os tratamentos pré-germinativos foram apresentados respostas positivas na porcentagem e velocidade de germinação em relação ao controle. A escarificação mecânica e o H 2 O 2 no substrato proporcionaram aumento significativo na velocidade e porcentagem de germinação das sementes, com redução da deterioração. Palavras-chave: Ormosia nitida, capacidade germinativa, vigor e dormência. ABSTRACT -The experiment was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of the Agronomy Center of the FederalUniversity of Espirito Santo, in order to attain acceleration of germination and reduce seed deterioration in Ormosia nitida Vog.. A completely randomized experimental design with four replications was used. In experiment I, with paper substratum, the treatments were intact seeds (control); mechanical scarification and sulfuric acid soaking for 10 minutes. In experiment II, in Petri dishes, the treatments were intacts seeds (control); mechanical scarification; mechanical scarification + soaking in water at 35ºC for 24 hours; imbibition of germination substratum with H 2 O 2 ; sulphuric acid soaking for 1; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 and 30 minutes. The results showed higher synchronization and speed germination in treatments with mechanical scarification, sulphuric acid for 10 minutes and H 2 O 2 in the substratum.
RESUMO -Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a germinação e o vigor de sementes de couve chinesa (Brassica pekinensis) cv. Granat, sob a influência do teor de água, substrato e estresse salino. A pesquisa foi conduzida no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes do Departamento de Fitotecnia do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, CCA-UFES, em Alegre-ES, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 2x3x5. Utilizaram-se dois lotes de sementes com teores de água ajustados para 8% e 16% (base úmida), colocados para germinar sobre areia, sobre papel ou entre papel, sendo os substratos umedecidos com solução salina (NaCl) nas concentrações de zero, -0,2; -0,4; -0,6 e -0,8 MPa. As sementes foram mantidas em germinador a temperatura de 20-30°C. As características avaliadas foram: porcentagem de germinação (%), índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), massa fresca e massa seca das plântulas. Porcentagem e velocidade de germinação mais elevadasforam observadas nas sementes mantidas com grau de umidade inicial de 8%, semeadura sobre papel. A germinação e o vigor foram afetados pela salinidade. Sementes com grau de umidade inicial de 16%, sob as concentrações salinas de -0,2 e -0,4 MPa, nas semeaduras entre papel e sobre areia originaram plântulas com maior acúmulo de massa fresca, enquanto o maior acúmulo de massa seca foi obtido sob a concentração de -0,8 MPa. Assim, a salinidade afeta a manifestação do potencial fisiológico das sementes de Brassica pekinensis, sendo os prejuízos proporcionais à redução do potencial osmótico. As observações efetuadas demonstram que a couve chinesa apresenta maior tolerância à salinidade na fase de desenvolvimento inicial das plantas.Termos para indexação: Brassica pekinensis, potencial osmótico, vigor. GERMINATION OF BRASSICA PEKINENSIS AFFECTED BY SEED MOISTURE CONTENT, SUBSTRATE AND SALINE STRESSABSTRACT -This work evaluated seed germination and vigor of Brassica pekinensis cv. granat as affected by moisture content, substrate and saline stress. The experiment was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of the Agrarian Center Science of Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, in Alegre-ES, in a completely randomized design with the treatments distributed in a 2x3x5 factorial scheme to test the influence of seed moisture content (8 and 16%), substrate (top of sand, top of paper and between paper) and four NaCl solution concentrations (-0.2; -0.4; -0.6 e -0.8 MPa). Germination test was performed at 20-30°C. The following parameters were considered: percentage and speed of germination, seedling fresh and dry weight. Percentage and speed of germination in a top of paper sowing was higher for the 8% M.C. seed lot. Seed germination and vigor decreased as salt concentrations increased. The seeds of 16% M.C. sown at top of sand and between paper, with salt
A espécie Bixa orellana L., conhecida vulgarmente como urucu, reúne plantas perenes e é característica da floresta amazônica de várzea. Seu cultivo deve-se à importância econômica de suas sementes condimentares e tintoriais. O urucuzeiro pode ainda ser LOPES JC; LIMA RV; MACEDO CMP. 2008. Germinação e vigor de sementes de urucu. Horticultura Brasileira 26: 019-025. explorado como planta ornamental e para recuperação de áreas degradadas, devido à rapidez de crescimento (Lorenzi, 1998). O urucuzeiro vegeta bem em locais onde a temperatura oscila entre 24º e 27ºC, com precipitação abundante (superior a 1.200 mm anuais) e solo bem drenado. Por ser uma planta rústica, o urucuzeiro cresce bem em terrenos de fertilidade média, suportando também baixos níveis de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio (Ramalho et al.,1988;Cavalieri, 1991). Segundo Gomes & Bruno (1992), a cultura do urucu vem 1 Parte da dissertação apresentada à UFES-CCA pelo segundo autor para obtenção do título de mestre em Produção Vegetal. Germinação e vigor de RESUMOEste trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a germinação e o vigor de sementes de urucu (Bixa orellana L.) durante a maturação, efetuando-se amostragens 70, 77 e 84 após a antese (DAA). O estudo foi conduzido em duas etapas: na primeira utilizaram-se sementes intactas (controle) e sementes submetidas à escarificação mecânica com lixa de água n o. 100, água quente a 70ºC durante 1, 3 e 5 minutos, resfriamento a 3ºC durante sete dias, utilizando-se água destilada ou KNO 3 no substrato. Na segunda etapa foi estudada a resposta de sementes (70, 77 e 84 DAA) ao envelhecimento acelerado (42ºC e 100% de umidade relativa) por 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 ABSTRACT Annatto seeds germination at different maturation stadiaThis research was carried out to evaluate the germination and vigor of annatto seeds (Bixa orellana L.) during maturation, collecting samples 70, 77, and 84 days after anthesis (DAA). The research consisted of two phases: first, seed samples of each harvest were submitted to different treatments: (i) mechanical scarification; (ii) thermotherapy (70 o C in water bath) for 1, 2, and 3 min; (iii) prechilling at 3ºC during seven days, using distilled water or KNO 3 solution to moist the paper towel, and untreated intact seeds (control). In the second phase, seed samples (70, 77, and 84 DAA) were submitted to accelerated aging (AA) (42ºC, 100% relative humidity) for 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 hours. In both phases, seeds were sub sampled for evaluation. The germination of intact seeds collected 70, 77, and 84 DAA was 51, 53, and 16%, respectively, and thermotherapy was the only treatment that significantly altered it. Although hindering the germination of seeds collected 70 DAA, thermotherapy for 1 and 3 minutes enhanced germination in seeds collected 84 DAA (62 and 55%, respectively). In intact seeds, the germination rate (GR) of seeds collected 84 DAA (0.51) was significantly lower than in seeds collected 70 (1.90) and 77 DAA (2.32). However, thermotherapy signif...
ABSTRACT-Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a typical crop of tropical areas, and Brazil is one of the leading world producers. in recent decades, papaya culture has expanded to different regions of the country, but the number of cultivars available is still limited. in the present study, a complete diallel cross was carried out using eight accessions of papaya from the ueNF/caliman germplasm bank. Four genotypes belong to the Formosa heterotic group and four, to the Solo group. this study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and viability of exploring heterosis in heterotic intragroup hybrids. Fifty-six hybrid progenies were generated and evaluated. among the Formosa intragroup hybrids, two hybrid combinations (MR x J4 and MR x SK) showed heterosis for all traits, as well as good average total fruit production. among the Solo intragroup hybrids, three hybrid combinations (WM x GG, WM x SS and WM x SM) stand out for fruit production and high content of soluble solids. in Formosa x Solo hybrids, all hybrid combinations with the parent JS (JS x WM, JS x GG, JS x SS and JS x SM) showed high fruit quality and good average for fruit production. The heterotic profile of the hybrids tested allowed the identification of promising hybrids within Formosa and Solo heterotic groups. the analysis of the canonical variables also allowed the visualization of distinct groups of hybrids, depending on the provenance of the parents.
PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF ARABIC COFFEE SEEDS IN THE PRESENCE OF ALUMINIUMABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination and vigor of the seed of Coffea Arabica L., cultivars Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Obatã, Oeiras, and IAPAR 59, in the presence of aluminum. A completely random design was used with four replications, in a 4 x 2 factorial outline, corresponding to the four cultivars and the absence and presence of Al in the form of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .16H 2 O, at the concentration of 45 mg.L -1 ,. The seeds were placed to germinate in paper-towel, incubated at the studied cultivars, Catuaí Amarelo (IAC 62) was found to be the one with the most sensitive seeds to aluminium. The germination of the seeds of the studied cultivars was not affected by the concentration of 45 mg.L -1 of Al 3+. However, at that Al +3 concentration, the growth of the primary root of the four cultivars was observed to be stimulated.
ABSTRACT. Brazil is the world leader in papaya production. However, only a small number of cultivars are registered for commercial planting, mainly owing to delays in obtaining cultivars and the high costs of the field phase of breeding programs. These costs can be reduced when molecular tools are combined with conventional breeding methods. In the present study, we conducted a molecular analysis of a self-fertilized population of a first backcrossing generation of BC 1 S 1 papaya plants via microsatellite markers both to monitor the level of homozygosity and the gene/allele transfer that confers the Golden trait (fruit color) and to assess the parental genomic proportion in the genotypes studied. Based on the analysis of 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci, 19 genotypes with the Golden trait belonging to BC 1 S 1 were evaluated in addition to the parental genotypes. Genetic distance was estimated through weighted index. The genotypes were then grouped using the hierarchical nearest neighbor method, and the analysis of principal coordinates was used to measure the proportion of parental genomes in the segregating genotypes. The mean value of the inbreeding coefficient was 0.36. The analysis of the principal coordinates revealed that on average, 64% of the recurrent parent genome was present in the population. Together, the analyses allowed the selection of 3 individuals for the next backcross cycle (33BC 1 S 1 -18, 34BC 1 S 1 -16, and 37BC 1 S 1 -10). These individuals had a higher proportion of the recurrent parent and were grouped close to the recurrent parent in the cluster analysis.
This study aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds of three hybrid combinations and their reciprocals, as well as the selfed parents, and to estimate genetic parameters associated with seed quality, and possible reciprocal effects. The experiment used F 1 hybrid papaya seeds and their reciprocal crosses between JS12 and Sunrise Solo 72/12, Sekati and Waimanalo, and the seeds of the parents and two varieties, totaling 12 treatments in a completely randomized design with four replications. Weight of 1,000 seeds, germination, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight, first count, speed of germination and seedling emergence were determined. There was no xenia effect for weight of 1,000 seeds and seedling fresh weight. The reciprocal effect was not expressed for germination and seedling emergence, while for the other traits, it was not expressed only for JS12 x Sekati. Differences among hybrids and their parents occurred as a result of the action of pollen in the crosses, and justified by early heterosis. The most sensitive vigor tests to discriminate differences in performance of hybrids and their reciprocals were speed of germination and seedling fresh weight. There were high magnitudes of the estimates for the genotypic determination coefficient for most of the evaluated variables, except for seedling fresh weight.Index terms: Carica papaya L., maternal effect, reciprocal effect, early heterosis, genetic parameters.Avaliação de híbridos elite de mamão, de seus recíprocos e respectivos genitores, quanto à qualidade fisiológica de sementes RESUMO -O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de três combinações híbridas e seus recíprocos, além dos genitores autofecundados; estimar parâmetros genéticos associados à qualidade fisiológica, bem como possíveis efeitos recíprocos. Foram usadas sementes híbridas F 1 de mamão e seus respectivos recíprocos, provenientes dos cruzamentos JS12 com Sunrise Solo 72/12, Sekati e Waimanalo, e sementes dos genitores e duas cultivares, totalizando 12 tratamentos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Determinou-se a massa de mil sementes, germinação, massa fresca e massa seca de plântula, primeira contagem e velocidade de germinação e emergência de plântula. Houve ausência de xênia para massa de mil sementes e massa fresca de plântula. O efeito recíproco não se manifestou para germinação e emergência de plântula, sendo que para as demais características somente não se manifestou para JS12 x Sekati. Diferenças entre híbridos e genitores ocorreram em razão da ação do pólen no cruzamento, explicado pela heterose precoce. Os testes de vigor mais sensíveis para discriminar diferenças no desempenho dos híbridos e seus recíprocos foram velocidade de germinação e massa fresca de plântula. Verificaram-se magnitudes altas das estimativas do coeficiente de determinação genotípica para maioria das variáveis avaliadas, à exceção para massa fresca de plântula.Termos para indexação: Carica papaya L., efeito m...
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