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Two assays were conducted to study the evolution of rye and barley phosphatases (phytase and acid phosphatase) and the degradation of its substrates (inositol phosphate esters) during seed germination. In this manner we could obtain a low-phytate, endogenous phosphatase rich ingredient to be used in animal nutrition. In the first assay, the seeds were soaked for 1 and 14 h and germinated for 3 and 5 days with and without the addition of gibberellic acid (GA3). In the second assay, the seeds were soaked for 1 h and germinated for 1, 3, and 5 days with GA3. Phytase (up to 5739 and 3151 U kg-1) and acid phosphatase (up to 18288 and 3151 U g-1) activities, and IP6 (6.09 and 6.01 mg g-1), IP5 (0.48 and 0.48 mg g-1), and IP4 (0.13 and 0.06 mg g-1) were detected in ungerminated rye and barley, respectively. The germination process caused a significant increase of Phy and AcPh activities in rye (up to 112 and 213%) and barley (up to 212 and 634%) and a reduction in the phytate phosphorus content (up to 84 and 58%, respectively). Phytate phosphorus content was affected only by soaking time in the case of rye. Finally, during the course of germination, IP6 and IP5 were rapidly degraded in rye (88 and 79%) and barley (67 and 52%), and IP4 was only a short-living intermediate, which was increased during hydrolysis and degraded to IP3. In conclusion, a marked increase of Phy and AcPh activities in rye and barley with a concomitant decrease in phytate phosphorus content and an increase in the content of lower inositol phosphates were observed during the rye and barley germination. Keywords: Rye; barley; germination; gibberellic acid; phosphorus; inositol phosphates; phytase and acid phosphatase activities

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of germination on the concentrations of some antinutritional factors in Lupinus albus and L luteus seeds. The seeds were germinated for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The alkaloid, phytic acid and a-galactoside changes were monitored by capillary gas chromatography and HPLC techniques. The rate of seed germination for both lupin species was lower in total darkness than when 8 h of light was supplied. The total alkaloid level was not significantly altered by 96 h germination of the seeds. Albine, zisolupanine, lupanine, multiflorine and 13-OH-lupanine were identified in L albus whereas lupinine, sparteine and lupanine were identified in L luteus. agalactoside levels were drastically reduced during germination of lupin seeds and stachyose was the predominant sugar in both species. The major inositol phosphate (IP6) appeared to be degraded to lower inositol phosphates during lupin seed germination. It is concluded that germination is a useful process to improve the nutritional value of lupin seeds.

The e †ect of germination conditions on some antinutrients of L ens culinaris var Magda 20 seeds were studied. The seeds were germinated at 20¡C under variable conditions of time, water and light. Quantitative analyses of the soyasapogenols, inositol phosphates and tannins were carried out by capillary gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric techniques respectively. Germinated seeds at day 6 contained higher levels soyasapogenol B than the controls, whereas in general the tannin content was reduced. Total phytic acid amounts did not decrease after 3 days of germination but was greatly reduced after 6 days. This work shows that the optimal conditions to reduce some antinutritional factors (tannins and phytic acid) in lentils were 6 days of seed germination in dark and with alternate watering. Therefore, germination conditions o †er a good opportunity to improve the nutritional quality of lentils.

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