Health literacy, a more complex concept than knowledge, is a required capacity to obtain, understand, integrate and act on health information [1], in order to enhance individual and community health, which is defined by different levels, according to the autonomy and personal capacitation in decision making [2]. Medium levels of Health literacy in an adolescent population were found in a study conducted in 2013/2014, being higher in sexual and reproductive health and lower in substance use. It was also noticed that the higher levels of health literacy were in the area adolescents refer to have receipt more health information. The health literacy competence with higher scores was communication skills, and the lower scores were in the capacity to analyze factors that influence health. Higher levels were also found in younger teenagers, but in a higher school level, confirming the importance of health education in these age and development stage. Adolescents seek more information in health professionals and parents, being friends more valued as a source information in older adolescents, which enhance the importance of peer education mainly in older adolescents [3]. As a set of competences based on knowledge, health literacy should be developed through education interventions, encompassing the cultural and social context of individuals, since the society, culture and education system where the individual is inserted can define the way the development and enforcement of the health literacy competences [4]. The valued sources of information should be taken into account, as well as needs of information in some topics referred by adolescents in an efficient health education. Schizophrenia is a serious and chronic mental illness which has a profound effect on the health and well-being related with the well-known nature of psychotic symptoms. The exercise has the potential to improve the life of people with schizophrenia improving physical health and alleviating psychiatric symptoms. However, most people with schizophrenia remains sedentary and lack of access to exercise programs are barriers to achieve health benefits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of exercise on I) the type of intervention in mental health, II) in salivary levels of alpha-amylase and cortisol and serum levels of S100B and BDNF, and on III) the quality of life and selfperception of the physical domain of people with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 31 females in long-term institutions in the Casa de Saúde Rainha Santa Isabel, with age between 25 and 63, and with diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Physical fitness was assessed by the six-minute walk distance test (6MWD). Biological variables were determined by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Psychological variables were assessed using SF-36, PSPP-SCV, RSES and SWLS tests. Walking exercise has a positive impact on physical fitness (6MWD -p = 0.001) and physical components of the psychological test...
Celiac disease is characterized as a permanent and chronic intolerance to the gluten ingestion. The only effective treatment is the lifelong gluten-free diet, which implies radical changes in the patient’s life and eating habits with a constant challenge and potential shifts in their health-related quality of life. The health-related quality of life occupies an important place as a research subject in different areas of human activity. However we do not found in the literature specific instruments adapted to the Portuguese reality that could measure the health-related quality of life in celiac patients. Then our goal is to develop the Portuguese version of the Celiac Disease Questionnaire - CDQ (developed by Dr. Winfried Häuser team in 2007), which may contribute to the identification of factors that influence the adult celiac patients health-related quality of life. We carried out the translation, cultural and functional equivalence of measures with a preliminary study. Subsequently we applied the CDQ to 231 celiac patients and proceeded with a component analysis and reliability. As in the original version, the analysis of the Portuguese version suggests the existence of a four dimensions model with a KMO coefficient of 0.897. Nevertheless, we obtained a different item factor loading in each dimension: emotional experience, social participation, fears and concerns, gastrointestinal symptoms. For each dimension the Cronbach's α ranged from 0.71 to 0.89 and an overall value of 0.91. The Portuguese version of the CDC proved to be a specific instrument for health-related quality of life assessment in adult celiac patients.RESUMOA doença celíaca caracteriza-se como uma intolerância permanente e crónica à ingestão de glúten. O único tratamento eficaz é a restrição de glúten da alimentação de forma definitiva, o que implica uma mudança radical nos hábitos alimentares e na vida da pessoa, constituindo um constante desafio e com potenciais alterações na sua perceção de qualidade de vida. Ocupando o estudo da qualidade de vida um alvo de interesse em diversas áreas da atividade humana, não encontrámos na literatura todavia instrumentos, adaptados à realidade portuguesa, que pudessem avaliar a perceção de qualidade de vida na pessoa celíaca adulta. Foi então nosso objetivo desenvolver a versão portuguesa do Celiac Disease Questionnaire - CDQ (desenvolido pela equipa do Doutor Winfried Häuser em 2007), que possa contribuir para a identificação de fatores que influenciam a perceção de qualidade de vida da pessoa celíaca adulta. Procedemos à tradução e equivalência das medidas a nível cultural e funcional através da realização de um estudo preliminar. Aplicamos posteriormente o CDQ a 231 pessoas celíacas adultas e procedemos à sua análise fatorial e consistência interna. Tal como na versão original, a análise da estrutura fatorial da versão portuguesa sugere a existência de quatro dimensões com um coeficiente KMO de 0,897. Todavia, obtivemos um agrupamento diferente dos itens em cada uma das dimensões: experiencia emocional, participação social, medos e preocupação, sintomas gastrointestinais. Para cada dimensão o α de Cronbach variou entre 0,71 e 0,89 e o valor de 0,91 no global. A versão portuguesa do CDC revelou-se um instrumento específico de avaliação da perceção de qualidade de vida sensível e capaz de avaliar de forma individual e específica alguns aspectos da população celíaca adulta.
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