Two new triterpene glucosides, β-d-glucopyranosyl 2α,3β,24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oate and β-d-glucopyranosyl 2α,3β,23,24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate, in addition to nine known compounds belonging to three different triterpene classes (oleanane-, ursane- and lupane-type) have been isolated from the stems of a specimen of Combretum laxum growing in the “Pantanal” of the central-western region of Brazil. Among the known triterpenes, β-d-glucopyranosyl 2α,3β,6β-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oate is reported for the first time in the Combretaceae, while bellericoside and asiatic acid are described for the first time in the genus Combretum. The structures of the isolated compounds have been established on the basis of spectral techniques (1D-, 2D-NMR and MS). Their in vitro antifungal activities against standard strains of Candida albicans, C. krusei and Cryptococcus neoformans were also evaluated in this work.

Objective:to evaluate the use of peripheral venous catheters based on microbiological analysis of devices (dressing and three-way stopcocks) and thus contribute to the prevention and infection control. Methods:this was a prospective study of microbiological analysis of 30 three-way stopcocks (external surfaces and lumens) and 30 dressing used in maintaining the peripheral venous catheters of hospitalized adult patients. Results:all external surfaces, 40% of lumens, and 86.7% of dressing presented bacterial growth. The main species isolated in the lumen were 50% coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, 14.3% Staphylococcus aureus, and 14.3% Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fifty nine percent of multidrug-resistant bacteria were isolated of the three-way stopcocks, 42% of the lumens, and 44% of the dressing with a predominance of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus resistant to methicillin. Besides, 18% gram-negative bacteria with resistance to carbapenems were identified from multidrug-resistant bacteria on the external surfaces of the three-way stopcocks. Conclusion:it is important to emphasize the isolation of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and gram-negative bacteria resistant to methicillin and carbapenems in samples of devices, respectively, which reinforces the importance of nursing care in the maintenance of the biologically safe environment as well as prevention and infection control practices.

D (4), 7-O-E-p-coumaroyljiofuranaldehyde (5), three known iridoids, including one iridoid glucoside, jioglutin D (1), rehmaglutin D (6), 6-O-E-p-coumaroylcatalpol (7). From the flowers were obtained six triterpenes, betulinic acid (8), olean-12-en-3-one (9), β-amyrin (10), oleanolic acid (11), ursolic acid (12), 3-O-E-p-coumaroylursolic acid (13), 2α-hydroxyursolic acid (14), 6β,19α-dihydroxyursolic acid (15), and one phenylethanoid, tyrosol (16), in addition to β-sitosterol, β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-(6´-O-acyl)-glucopyranoside and E-p-coumaric acid. The structures of the isolated compounds were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. The chemical profile of the trunk bark of the plant was determined by HPLC/DAD/HRESIMS and did not present a good correlation with the phytochemical study. It did not detect most of the isolated substances and allowed to propose the presence of some non-isolated compounds.

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