Background: This study’s aims are to assess the current evidence presented in the literature regarding the potential risks of COVID-19 infection among pregnant women and consequent fetal transmission. Methods: a systematic literature review assessing papers published in the most comprehensive databases in the field of health intended to answer the question, “What are the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, and what is the neonatal prognosis?” Results: 49 papers published in 2020 were eligible, presenting low levels of evidence. A total of 755 pregnant women and 598 infants were assessed; more than half of pregnant women had C-sections (379/65%). Only 493 (82%) infants were tested for SARS-CoV-2, nine (2%) of whom tested positive. There is, however, no evidence of vertical transmission based on what has been assessed so far, considering there are knowledge gaps concerning the care provided during and after delivery, as well as a lack of suitable biological samples for testing SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: We cannot rule out potential worsening of the clinical conditions of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2, whether the infection is associated with comorbidities or not, due to the occurrence of respiratory disorders, cardiac rhythm disturbances, and acid-base imbalance, among others. We recommend relentless monitoring of all pregnant women in addition to testing them before delivery or the first contact with newborns.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the efficiency of cleaning/disinfection of surfaces of an Intensive Care Unit. METHOD: descriptive-exploratory study with quantitative approach conducted over the course of four weeks. Visual inspection, bioluminescence adenosine triphosphate and microbiological indicators were used to indicate cleanliness/disinfection. Five surfaces (bed rails, bedside tables, infusion pumps, nurses' counter, and medical prescription table) were assessed before and after the use of rubbing alcohol at 70% (w/v), totaling 160 samples for each method. Non-parametric tests were used considering statistically significant differences at p<0.05. RESULTS: after the cleaning/disinfection process, 87.5, 79.4 and 87.5% of the surfaces were considered clean using the visual inspection, bioluminescence adenosine triphosphate and microbiological analyses, respectively. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the disapproval rates after the cleaning process considering the three assessment methods; the visual inspection was the least reliable. CONCLUSION: the cleaning/disinfection method was efficient in reducing microbial load and organic matter of surfaces, however, these findings require further study to clarify aspects related to the efficiency of friction, its frequency, and whether or not there is association with other inputs to achieve improved results of the cleaning/disinfection process.

Objective: to develop and validate an educational digital video on changing the dressing of short-term, non-cuffed, non-tunneled central venous catheters in hospitalized adult patients. Method: this is a descriptive, methodological study based on Paulo Freire's assumptions. The development of the script and video storyboard were based on scientific evidence, on the researchers' experience, and that of nurse experts, as well as on a virtual learning environment. Results: the items related to the script were approved by 97.2% of the nurses and the video was approved by 96.1%. Conclusion: the educational instrument was considered to be appropriate and we believe it will contribute to professional training in the nursing field, the updating of human resources, focusing on the educational process, including distance education. We believe it will consequently improve the quality of care provided to patients with central venous catheters.

This inferential comparative study aimed to evaluate the performance of nursing professionals during the execution of the peripheral venipuncture procedure with a view to verifying convergences and identifying risk factors that can predispose to the occurrence of complications. Data were collected through structured observation, by means of a checklist with 25 items. In order to evaluate the average number of correct performances in the three professional categories, the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric statistical test was used with a 5% significance level. In those cases where a difference was found, multiple comparison tests were carried out. The sample consisted of 55 nursing professionals who were observed while performing the respective procedure three times every other day. An average of 78% of globally correct performances was found across the categories. However, the specific global average for each category corresponded to: 82% for nurses, 80% for nursing technicians and 77% for nursing auxiliaries. In relation to the 25 items of the venipuncture procedure, 10 presented significant errors, 4 of which presented p < 0.05. The data point out the need to intensify education activities that promote a change in nursing professionals' behavior, thus favoring a quality performance of the peripheral venipuncture procedure.

No abstract

Among the four instruments applied to assess hospital infection control programs, only two presented results with more than 80.0% of conformity: those related to the epidemiological surveillance and technical-operational structure assessments.

those that favor the colonization of the oropharynx or the stomach, the aspiration of secretions into the lower respiratory tract or reflux of the gastrointestinal tract, and factors inherent in the host. (2,4,5) The bacterial agent found will depend on length of hospital stay, use of antimicrobial agents, host susceptibility, and ICU microbiota. Gram-negative bacilli (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Acinetobacter spp.) and Staphylococcus aureus are frequently isolated. (6,7) Considering that the microbiota of the oral cavity represents a threat to critical patients, (2,4,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) some strate- IntroductionVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is defined as that developing in the period from 48 h after initiation of mechanical ventilation to 48 h after extubation. It is one of the most common cross infections in intensive care units (ICUs), with rates that range from 9 to 40% of the infections acquired in these units, and is associated with an increase in length of hospitalization and in morbidity and mortality rates, which significantly affects costs. (1)(2)(3) The aspiration of microorganisms present in the oropharynx constitutes the most common means of acquiring the disease, and the principal risk factors are AbstractVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common infection in intensive care units (ICUs), and oral antiseptic is used as a preventive measure. We reviewed meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials indexed in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases regarding the topical use of chlorhexidine in the prevention of VAP. Eight publications were analyzed. In seven (87.5%) chlorhexidine diminished the colonization of the oropharynx, and in four (50%) there was a reduction of VAP. Chlorhexidine seems to reduce colonization, thus reducing the incidence of VAP.Keywords: Pneumonia, ventilator-associated; Oral hygiene; Chlorhexidine. ResumoA pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica (PAVM) é uma infecção freqüente nas unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI), e anti-sépticos bucais são utilizados preventivamente. Revisamos metanálises e ensaios clínicos randomizados indexados no Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System e Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature sobre o uso tópico da clorexidina na prevenção da PAVM.Oito publicações foram avaliadas. Em sete (87,5%), a clorexidina diminuiu a colonização da orofaringe, e em quatro (50%) houve redução de PAVM. A clorexidina parece diminuir a colonização, podendo reduzir a incidência da PAVM.Descritores: Pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica; Higiene bucal; Clorexidina.

A assistência em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) é constantemente de-(UTI) é constantemente de-é constantemente desafiada por infecções relacionadas a procedimentos invasivos, que resultam no aumento da morbimortalidade, no tempo de internação e nos custos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar prospectivamente os pacientes críticos segundo idade, condições clínicas, tempo de hospitalização, ocorrência de infecção hospitalar, topografia da infecção hospitalar, ocorrência ou não de multiresistência microbiana, uso de procedimentos invasivos e de antimicrobianos. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo, observacional, de natureza clínica, realizado em uma UTI no período de fevereiro a julho de 2006. Foram incluídos os pacientes críticos com tempo de hospitalização superior a 24 horas na UTI, acompanhados desde a admissão até a alta, transferência ou óbito. RESULTADOS: Totalizou-se 71 pacientes com mé-média de idade de 53,5 ± 18,75 anos. Quarenta e sete (66,2%) pacientes adquiriram infecção hospitalar. Das