We conducted a study to identify the fecal metabolite profile and its proximity to the ruminal metabolism of Nelore steers based on an untargeted metabolomic approach. Twenty-six Nelore were feedlot with same diet during 105 d. Feces and rumen fluid were collected before and at slaughter, respectively. The metabolomics analysis indicated 49 common polar metabolites in the rumen and feces. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate were the most abundant polar metabolites in both bio-samples. The rumen presented significantly higher concentrations of the polar compounds when compared to feces (P < 0.05); even though, fecal metabolites presented an accentuated representability of the ruminal fluid metabolites. All fatty acids present in the ruminal fluid were also observed in the feces, except for C20:2n6 and C20:4n6. The identified metabolites offer information on the main metabolic pathways (higher impact factor and P < 0.05), as synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies; the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolisms, the glycine, serine; and threonine metabolism and the pyruvate metabolism. The findings reported herein on the close relationship between the ruminal fluid and feces metabolic profiles may offer new metabolic information, in addition to facilitating the sampling for metabolism investigation in animal production and health routines.

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RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o impacto da apresentação de um projeto de Extensão Universitária para os alunos do Ensino Fundamental, contendo informações sobre a importância dos microrganismos no cotidiano, utilizando uma abordagem simples e didática. O público alvo foi composto por 79 alunos de três turmas do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola pública do município de São Carlos-SP. O material utilizado na apresentação foi preparado, constituindo-se por pôsteres com informações gerais e específicas sobre os microrganismos, suas relações (benéfica ou maléfica) e presença em diferentes locais (ambientes); além de material audiovisual (slides) para uma exposição oral do trabalho. A apresentação consistiu em um resumo de toda a temática abordada nos pôsteres e aplicação de um questionário ao término desta, com o intuito de verificar a aceitação da proposta pelos alunos. Conclui-se que o trabalho teve um impacto positivo para os estudantes, com informações apresentadas de forma diferenciada e atrativa, o que promoveu acréscimo de conhecimentos para os participantes do projeto. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Extensão; Microbiologia; Microrganismos. DISSEMINATING SCIENCE TO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS:MICROBIOLOGY EXTENSION PROJECT ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to analyze the impact of the presentation of a University Extension Project to elementary school students with information about the importance of microorganisms in daily life, using a simple and didactic approach. The audience was composed of 79 students from three classes of seventh elementary grade from a public school in São Carlos-SP. The material was prepared comprising posters with general and specific information about the microorganisms, their relationship (goodness or badness) and presence at different places (environments); in addition audiovisual material (slides) for oral presentation were also prepared. The presentation consisted in an overview about exposition topics and a questionnaire was applied in order to highlight the students acceptation. We conclude that such

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract (YME) on muscle metabolomics and physicochemical properties of lamb meat. Thirty-six uncastrated male lambs (90 days old) were fed experimental diets which treatments consisted of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 4% inclusion of YME. Animals were fed for 50 days before slaughter. Muscle and meat samples were collected for metabolomics and meat quality analysis, respectively. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design and analyzed using orthogonal contrasts. There was a quadratic effect of YME inclusion in tenderness (P &lt; 0.05) and a positive linear effect on meat lightness (P &lt; 0.05). No qualitative changes (P &gt; 0.05) on individual metabolites were observed; however, changes in the quantitative metabolic profile were observed, showing that animals fed 1 and 2% of YME have a greater concentration of desirable endogenous muscle antioxidants, with direct impact on metabolic pathways related to beta-alanine metabolism and glutathione metabolism. Therefore, YME dietary supplementation up to 2% of the diet to lambs had little to no effects on the majority of meat quality traits evaluated; moreover, 4% YME inclusion negatively affected feed intake and meat quality traits.

Moderate supplementation with extract of mate to a standard broiler diet in feeding experiment with 5 treatment groups was found to increase production of endogenous antioxidants in muscles, improving meat quality and storage stability. For addition of 250 or 500 mg extract per kg feed, pre-cooked meatballs made from the breast muscles had a significant lower level of secondary lipid oxidation products during one week of chill storage. Addition of 750 or 1000 mg extract per kg feed had an increasing prooxidative effect during storage of the meatballs. For the moderate levels of plant phenols in feed, a metabolic study based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of meat extracts showed that mate extract added to the feed increased the muscle level of antioxidative peptides like anserine, while indication of toxic effects was noted for the higher levels of feed additives. Rate of formation of radicals as detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was found to correlate with the oxidative damage and a kinetic analysis demonstrated that the antioxidative effect of mate supplemented to the feed could be assigned to radical scavengers present in the meat. These findings for the monogastric animals are different from results previously obtained for ruminants, where plant phenols rather seem to affect the microflora of the digestive tract.

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