Este artigo relata uma experiência de aprendizagem ocorrida durante uma disciplina de pós-graduação na Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, na qual os alunos puderam vivenciar a prática de uma estratégia metodológica de análise de discurso. Para tanto, um grupo de trabalho de alunos desenvolveu um projeto com o objetivo de identificar as expectativas de pós-graduandos acerca da contribuição do curso nas práticas profissionais. Realizou-se a coleta e análise dos discursos de 21 sujeitos. Foram apresentadas perguntas sobre o tema e as respostas foram coletadas com auxílio do software QLQT; elas foram analisadas manualmente segundo a estratégia metodológica do discurso do sujeito coletivo. Os resultados indicam que, de maneira geral, os sujeitos que cursam pós-graduação na área da saúde acreditam que ela influi positivamente em suas práticas profissionais.

The anatomical location of adipose tissue might have direct implications for its functionality and risk of cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissue surrounding blood vessels may be thermogenically more active in specific areas of the body, releasing substances that regulate vascular metabolism. In humans, the phenotypic characteristics of adipose tissue surrounding the aorta and the cardiovascular disease risk that it might entail remain largely unknown. Here, we compared thermogenesis-related molecular features of human periaortic adipose tissue samples with those of subcutaneous adipose tissue, obtained by sternotomy from 42 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. To determine the expression of genes related to energy expenditure and the levels of some adipokines, histological examinations, quantitative PCR, and protein expression measurements in adipocyte precursor cells were performed. Periaortic adipocytes were smaller than those from subcutaneous tissue. Moreover, weight gain induced periaortic adipocyte hypertrophy (r = -0.91, p<0.01). Compared to subcutaneous tissue, adiponectin, FABP4, IL-4 and IL-6 was decreased in periaortic adipocytes, whereas FGF21, UCP-1, PGC-1a, CITED1, Omentin and TFAM (Mitochondrial protein) increased. Upon analyzing patients’ clinical conditions, it emerged that the levels of PGC-1a both in male (r = -0.48 p<0.04) and female (r = -0.61, p<0.05) and TFAM in male (r = -0.72, p<0.0008) and female (r = -0.86, p<0.002) decreased significantly with progressive weight gain. However, no differences were observed in patients with diabetes mellitus 2 or Hyperlipidemia. Adipocytes surrounding the ascending aorta present markers of major thermogenic activity than those in subcutaneous tissue. Nevertheless, this characteristic might change, due to unfavorable metabolic conditions such as obesity, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout en el personal de enfermería en hospitales del Departamento del Atlántico (Colombia). Materiales y Métodos Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo transversal, en 117 profesionales y 229 auxiliares de enfermería de cuatro hospitales del Departamento del Atlántico (Colombia), dos públicos y dos privados. Se empleó una encuesta anónima con datos sociodemográficos y la escala de Maslach. Resultados La prevalencia global del síndrome de burnout o desgaste profesional fue de 65%. En profesionales de enfermería, fue de 63,2% y en auxiliares de enfermería, de 65,9%. El 13,3% de los participantes presentó un grado elevado de burnout para el cansancio emocional; el 9,2%, para la despersonalización; y el 62,7% obtuvo puntuaciones bajas para la realización personal. En los profesionales de enfermería, el 12,7% obtuvo una puntuación alta para cansancio emocional; 7,4% para despersonalización, y 64,2% obtuvo puntuaciones bajas para la realización personal. Por su parte, en los auxiliares de enfermería el comportamiento en algunas subescalas fue muy similar; el 14,5% obtuvo una puntuación alta para cansancio emocional; 12,8%, para despersonalización y 59,8% obtuvo puntuaciones bajas para la realización personal. Conclusiones La presencia del síndrome de burnout en la población estudiada es alta. Es similar tanto en enfermeros como en auxiliares de enfermería. La dimensión más afectada fue la realización personal en ambos grupos estudiados, lo cual corresponde a sentimientos altos del “quemado”.

Introduction-Sexual abuse of children and adolescents is a public health problem, with approximately 73 million cases of boys and 150 million of girls registered annually worldwide. Sexual abuse creates negative consequences and risk behaviors that contribute to some of the leading causes of death, disease, and deficiency in victims of abuse. Parents or primary caregivers are a fundamental part of the orientation process of caring for abused children in the sense of preventing cognitive, behavioral, and emotional consequences to the future of these children. However, the skills of the families and caregivers to deal with the problem are still inadequate. Objective-To describe the processes and the meanings of the experience of the parents or primary caregivers with sexually abused children. Method-The empirical data were analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse (DCS), based on the Theory of Social Representations, which makes possible the emergence of social representations by constructing collective discourses obtained from the statements of a particular group. We evaluated 60 parents or primary caregivers not rapists, who responded to five problem situations, each one with its corresponding questions, living in the municipalities of Cajicá and Tabio, Bogotá, Colombia. The data were processed and analyzed in the Qualiquantisoft software, which is associated with the DSC method. Results-In the first problem situation, related to "why the silence about child abuse", participants emphasized the relationship between parents and children (45.7%, n = 43) as essential to improve the role of parents through listening, dialogue, trust, and dedication of more time spent with the children; they also think that silence is due to children's fears and threats and intimidation by the abuser. In the second problem situation, related to the "identification of sexual abuse as a real problem", the meaning ascribed sets chains that are repeated by intergenerational transmission (26.9%, n = 21). In the third problem situation, "what to do in the future," 53.0% of the respondents (n = 32) believe that children are behaviorally committed and emphasize homosexuality, with loss of identity, as a result of sexual violence. The fourth problem situation, which emphasizes "the role of the network in the care of children", respondents believe that the solution is to give protection (29.0%, n = 37), with actions to remove the child violent environment, provide guidance, support and security to the child and family. The fifth problem situation, as regards the "care of abused children", 34.0% of the respondents (n = 37) emphasized the support and assistance with the intervention of the network of social and emotional support. Conclusion-for parents or primary caregivers of sexually abused children, the meanings are expressed as affective, courage, resilience, not to be afraid, and to recognize the faults of the parents. In merging the results that reveal traditional views of respondents, innovative programs are recommended with high educ...

ResumenEl objetivo es proponer una nueva categorización, para precisar el grado de capacidad del proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación y conceptualizar sus estilos y estrategias. El estudio metodológico presenta una propuesta de cuatro categorías ordinales, en las cuales se utiliza el escalonamiento de Likert, definidas como: baja, mediana, alta y muy alta capacidad de afrontamiento. En cuanto a los resultados, se establecen cuatro categorías para cada factor global, conceptualizando cada categoría según estilos de afrontamiento: activos, pasivos o evitativos; dominios de las estrategias de afrontamiento: cognitivo, conductual o comportamental y emocional. Se concluye que las cuatro categorías proporcionan información precisa del proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación del paciente para que la planeación y las intervenciones de cuidado de enfermería sean más focalizadas a mejorar o reforzar estilos y estrategias para su adaptación.Palabras clave: interpretación, escala de medición, afrontamiento y adaptación, nueva categorización.